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83 Pre-1949 ewfoundland has been described as an island-arrested society, and isolation probably remains one of the most common complaint about the island in ollr days.! Until recent years. the outpon seuJements dOlling the coastline, indeed. remained remote and undisturbed, lacking roads, railroads, electricity and telephone service. Isolated it probably was, yet more so in the eyes of the occasional outsider than those of the loc
there was considerable mobility and social fiuidity.\ Battery radios came to the island in the 30's. 84 In the time of the family fishery, oUlport communities were largely self-reliant. Their subsistence economy made them self-sufficient; the males of every household fished, buill houses, made boats, traps, and nets; the women, among all other domeslic activities, tended vegetable-gardens, made the family clothes and quills, wasting nothing. This independence was largely reduced by the introduction of the merchants' tTuck-system, whereby fishing gear, foods and clothes were essentially supplied from their slOre to each family household. Work was cooperative and unspecializcd; every man was a Jack of all trades.2 Occupational homogeneity and versatility produced an egalitarian society between the fisher families, and was partly kept in place by the truck-system. 3 At the top of this egalitarian majority were the one or two local merchants, the priest and the teacher. All, even when residing in the community, were looked upon as "superiors" and "01ltsiders,"4 This social equality was also consciously maintained by the fishermen themselves: any attempt or pretence to raise oneself above others in any way was controlled by ridicule and satire, or verbalized, such as "if you want 10 be different you best leave" and "we all corne up together or we do not corne up at all,"5 The democratic nature of outport society was further renected in the infonnality of terms of address used: "boy," "maid," "my dear," "my love" between men and women of equal age, "aunt/uncle" and "Miss/Mr." to elderly persons who not related, but only the latter to the merchant, teacher, mission nurse. 6 Traditional societies such as the outpOrtS were homogeneous not only in occupation and status but also in terms of belief and ethos. The English and Irish immigrants tended to segregate themselves geographically from each other as neither group looked forward 10 being neighbours again in Ihe new country.7 Cases of marked violence between the two, 1The Trans-Canada highway crossing the island was laid in the, si:
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DEATH A D WORLDVIEW I A BALLAD CULT
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iv Table of Contents Introouction p
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This study of worldview in a ballad
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self and the olher.! Our judgement
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lIe distinguishes "ethos" from worl
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16 nature, leads the ethnographer f
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20 . folklore ... constitutes a bas
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22 When sufficient evidence has bee
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conceives that folk poetry e"hibits
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order to uncover the meaning of any
Page 38: 33 To neglect the human dimension o
Page 44 and 45: consequences.! More, Raymond Firth
Page 47: symlx>lism of the funeral period ha
Page 54 and 55: 49 These revenants, which the women
Page 56 and 57: The process of traditionalizing an
Page 59 and 60: island's inshore waters one of the
Page 62: know any peace from the West Countr
Page 72 and 73: programme began in 1920 to remedy t
Page 78: 73 School is not held regularly yea
Page 82: ecuperated from the Bank fishery. f
Page 85: 80 Chapter 4 Community Tradition an
Page 91 and 92: 86 heaven."llaughs].... When we cam
Page 93 and 94: 88 In the absence of any external r
Page 97 and 98: have created new tenns and uses rel
Page 100: sense, rooled in accumulated experi
Page 105 and 106: 100 death. 'T was a big shock you k
Page 107 and 108: 102 2. The Symbolic Context The sec
Page 110: 105 grief for a beloved would be ab
Page 114: 109 said to her: "Rose and I will s
Page 118: 113 nothing could save him. This be
Page 125 and 126: 120 and he said to Father "where di
Page 127 and 128: 122 We thought it was just a ship m
Page 131 and 132: 126 humanitarian. Even when the spi
Page 137: 132 ritual OUI of a solemn yet bana
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137 A Rambling Young Fellow l 1. Wh
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141 Le Roy Ladurie's evocation, mov
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143 humorous anecdote suggests, was
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150 infonnant's repertoire, speak o
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152 5. He drew lIle deadly weapon.
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154 However remote the trials of "f
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157 with the date. So, exposure and
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159 After eight long hours of trave
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166 In paying tribute to victims, h
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169 the Fogo Festival, received ent
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172 One's Own Death The second utli
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176 less obviously accountable, per
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18\ 3. The tidal wave, with fearful
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185 The priest, on the other hand,
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187 The strong religious orientatio
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193 Oh, where is my beloved? I have
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Remember friends as you pass by As
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198 breathing one's last and being
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200 RB: lot like it used to be. In
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202 RB: My mother lived by 8., wher
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205 PP: Oh yes, yes, that kind of s
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One nalive account is that of Spark
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210 which pushed against his chest
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215 Of the many and various libert.
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220 3. By Ihis time old Kelly was f
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222 In contrast with what the first
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224 The last tale of the COTe group
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226 his friend drowned when still d
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232 ,hat of the transilionallife of
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234 cenaine heure de la nuit et I'o
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236 The major drawback to being a f
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239 These plOIS are all of imported
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242 For she knew 'twas her true lov
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244 and the faithful widow "married
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249 Songs appearing in "the age of
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252 The same moralizing with regard
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254 Mostly uncelebraled because dep
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258 could be in any situation. In f
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260 The Catholic dogma in panicular
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262 'I got a spade from the toolhou
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264 As many as ten local versions o
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267 everywhere and under whatever f
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269 arc only the worse off! As trad
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271 treat this unexpected homecomin
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273 An old man gazed on a photograp
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275 Farewell my wife and children d
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278 Forbidden Death Aries's fourth
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280 Chapter 11 Social Denial and Fa
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282 "In the last few years. St. Joh
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284 call is made to us and if a per
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287 do that. They just want everyth
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290 11.4. "The only lime we see eac
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11.5. Family Love in Finale 292 For
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294 Local cemetery customs further
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296 societies. Their families are m
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Unseen, unheard but always near, St
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300 3 . The Classical Ballads' Poet
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302 published by Lehr, also the ear
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304 American continent as well as b
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306 versions, as in Karpeles' 1934
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308 diaries. While the collectors'
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310 What is it that you want of me
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312 Though he comes close to the tr
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314 "Willie 0' Winsbury" (Ch 1(0) w
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317 (continued) lliJi 1972 £Q!L ad
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319 Moses Harris. MUNFLA 78-50/C314
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321 Ch 286 Eight reported singings,
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323 data, therefore, appears approp
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325 Studies of repenoire and perfon
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328 while also supporting Morgan's
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331 The perpetration of the offence
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"Lady Isabel and the Elf-Knight" (C
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"Geordie" (Ch 209) 336 An unscrupul
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338 back to the living for that ver
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340 Ch # OFFENDER OFFENDED DENOUNCE
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344 The preservation of social imag
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346 disconsolate girl is left alone
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348 Rather than coincidence, the re
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350 into the funeral and burial of
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353 In conclusion, this talerole an
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355 I. The Classical Ballads' Poeti
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358 attitudes are but landmarks or
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360 denominator of its individual f
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362 Death, in either case, is ratio
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364 return to them; revenants once
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367 feeling," the song spirit of tr
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371 Indeed, whereas neither poveny,
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373 Arsenault, Georges. Camp/ainles
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375 Buckley, Anna-Kaye with Christi
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378 "Folk Ideas as Units of Worldvi
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382 Kodish, Debora. '''Never had a
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387 Puchner, Walter, ed. Tod und Je
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391 ------.. Mourir autrefois: atti
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