Em4885 irrigation management practices to protect ground water

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1 CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1.
1 CHAPTER Purpose INTRODUCTION This document is titled Irrigation Management Practices to Protect Ground Water and Surface Water Quality - State of Washington. It will be referred to as “the Manual.” The primary purpose of the Manual is to present a series of Overall Management Objectives (Objectives) for irrigated agriculture in Washington. The primary audience for the Manual is intended to be farm operators and their advisors. The Objectives address the problem of nonpoint source pollution from practices associated with irrigated agriculture. The Objectives will, if achieved, help to control nonpoint source pollution of ground and surface waters. It is the responsibility of the individual farm operator to achieve these Objectives under the current state and federal strategies of voluntary action for controlling nonpoint source pollution. A series of Implementation Practices (Practices) is listed for each Objective to help achieve that Objective. The Practices are functionally equivalent to what have been generally termed Best Management Practices. The Practices address changes to both management and facilities for control of nonpoint source pollution. It is important to realize that science is not static. The Objectives and Practices listed in the Manual are generally recognized to be effective in reducing the potential for point and nonpoint source pollution. However, there may be other Practices not presented in the Manual that are also effective. And, science and practical experience will develop new Practices in the future. The Manual is a “living” document; Objectives and Practices will be updated periodically. Nonpoint source pollution as defined by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency is “. . . pollution . . . caused by diffuse sources that are not regulated as point sources. . . .” Further, the Washington Legislature has defined nonpoint source pollution as “pollution that enters the waters of the state from any dispersed water-based or land-use activities, including, but not limited to, atmospheric deposition, surface water runoff from agricultural lands, urban areas, and forest lands, subsurface or underground sources, and discharges from boats or other marine vessels.” Nonpoint source pollution is cumulative in nature. While any source of nonpoint source contamination may be insignificant, the cumulative effect of many such sources is measurable and leads to significant pollution of ground or surface waters. It is difficult, by its nature, to assign responsibility for nonpoint source pollution when it occurs. Nonpoint source pollution is usually the result of land-use activities. Thus, modifying land-use activities can reduce or control nonpoint source pollution. The current state and federal strategies for reducing and controlling nonpoint source pollution rest heavily on education and voluntary adaptation of those actions which reduce the potential for pollution. The Manual provides education as well as lists of possible practices to help farm operators take those voluntary actions that can reduce and control nonpoint source pollution from irrigated agriculture. 2
Page 1 and 2: EM4885 IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT PRACTI
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .
Page 7 and 8: IP 2.01.08 - Consider changing the
Page 9 and 10: Section 3- Apply Fertilizer Properl
Page 11 and 12: Determining reasonable goals . . .
Page 13: Figure 5-1a. Water Quality Conserva
Page 17 and 18: 1 CHAPTER 4. Objective 4.00 - Manag
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER2.
Page 21 and 22: Water Quality as an Economic Issue
Page 23 and 24: 5 CHAPTER 2 Nonpoint source polluti
Page 25 and 26: 7 CHAPTER 2 Table 2-1. Beneficial u
Page 27 and 28: Not Assessed 86% Percent of Tota
Page 29 and 30: Major Causes of Impairment for Estu
Page 31 and 32: Standards for ground water quality
Page 33 and 34: 15 CHAPTER 2 Blanket statements con
Page 35 and 36: Included in the general strategy st
Page 37 and 38: 19 CHAPTER 2 It is important to not
Page 39 and 40: 1 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3.
Page 41 and 42: Hereafter, when the term “detachm
Page 43 and 44: 5 CHAPTER 3 The nitrogen cycle, sho
Page 45 and 46: 7 CHAPTER 3 Organic forms of phosph
Page 47 and 48: 3. Soil water conditions - most che
Page 49 and 50: 11 CHAPTER 3 Essentially there is a
Page 51 and 52: 13 CHAPTER 3 Retention of water by
Page 53 and 54: 15 CHAPTER 3 Management allowed dep
Page 55 and 56: Excessive, or imbalanced, dissolved
Page 57 and 58: 19 CHAPTER 3 TABLE 3-1. Guidelines
Page 59 and 60: 21 CHAPTER 3 Salts leached from the
Page 61 and 62: 4 CHAPTER Purpose OVERALL MANAGEMEN
Page 63 and 64: 4 CHAPTER Implementing the Practice
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4 CHAPTER IP 1.00.01 Install Concre
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4 CHAPTER IP 1.00.03 - Install Flex
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4 CHAPTER OVERALL MANAGEMENT OBJECT
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4 CHAPTER figures depicts the depth
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4 CHAPTER FIGURE 4-3. Depiction of
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4 CHAPTER Efficient, Effective Irri
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4 CHAPTER Possible Effects on Yield
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4 CHAPTER These include: 1. Flumes,
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4 CHAPTER IP 2.01.02 - Monitor Pump
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4 CHAPTER IP 2.01.03 - Evaluate the
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4 CHAPTER ECe LF = ................
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4 CHAPTER Although the previous equ
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4 CHAPTER Figure 4-9 is an example
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4 CHAPTER 2. Determine how much to
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4 CHAPTER Using the previous exampl
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4 CHAPTER Contact the local WSU Coo
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4 CHAPTER Note that the opportunity
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4 CHAPTER Soil variability may be s
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4 CHAPTER IP 2.02.03 - Use Surge-Fl
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4 CHAPTER IP 2.02.05 - Install a Su
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4 CHAPTER IP 2.02.09 - Rip Hardpans
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4 CHAPTER IP 2.02.12 - Reduce Furro
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4 CHAPTER Infiltration rates and ap
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4 CHAPTER Description Sprinkle syst
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4 CHAPTER The actual technique invo
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4 CHAPTER IP 2.03.08 - Minimize Sur
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4 CHAPTER SECTION 4 - PRACTICES FOR
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4 CHAPTER Finally, different emissi
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4 CHAPTER Description One of the gr
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4 CHAPTER Possible Effects on Water
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4 CHAPTER IP 3.01.02 - Consider Con
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4 CHAPTER IP 3.02.02 - Analyze Irri
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4 CHAPTER 4. Toxic materials conten
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4 CHAPTER Table 4-3b. Fertilizer nu
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4 CHAPTER IP 3.02.07 - Develop Real
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4 CHAPTER IP 3.03.05 - Incorporate
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4 CHAPTER IP 3.03.10 - Use Fertigat
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4 CHAPTER Other important factors t
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4 CHAPTER SECTION 1 - OVERALL GOOD
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4 CHAPTER IP 4.01.03 - Schedule App
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4 CHAPTER IP 4.01.07 - Mix and Load
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4 CHAPTER IP 4.01.11 - Consider Con
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4 CHAPTER IP 4.02.05 - Use Chemigat
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4 CHAPTER 6. Know how much water is
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4 CHAPTER SECTION 1 - REDUCE CONTAM
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4 CHAPTER Description Depending on
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4 CHAPTER SECTION 2 - MANAGE SURFAC
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4 CHAPTER Possible Effects on Water
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4 CHAPTER IP 6.00.04 - Identify and
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CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPING AN ON-FARM WAT
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CHAPTER 5 Reducing availability The
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CHAPTER 5 Example of Planning Check
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CHAPTER 5 C.) Cooperator Progress/C
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CHAPTER 5 U = USED S = SUGGESTED NA
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CHAPTER 5 U = USED S = SUGGESTED NA
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1 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 6.
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Irrigation Districts 3 CHAPTER 6 Th
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Reacting to Pollution - The Complia
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TABLE 6-1. List of Conservation Dis
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CHAPTER 7 Purpose RESOURCE GUIDE Th
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CHAPTER 7 Integrated Pest Managemen
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CHAPTER 7 Irrigation System Managem
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CHAPTER 7 Private Applicator Pestic
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CHAPTER 8 GLOSSARY Absorption - The
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CHAPTER 8 Leaching Ratio - The perc
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