Em4885 irrigation management practices to protect ground water
Em4885 irrigation management practices to protect ground water
Em4885 irrigation management practices to protect ground water
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17<br />
CHAPTER 4<br />
Within sections 2 through 4 are short discussions on how <strong>to</strong> get good distribution uniformity and<br />
how <strong>to</strong> control the <strong>to</strong>tal application using that particular type of <strong>irrigation</strong> system. The Practices that<br />
follow will first address distribution uniformity and then the control of the application.<br />
Other Information Sources<br />
There are several SCS National Practices that deal with overall issues of design, installation, and<br />
<strong>management</strong> of <strong>irrigation</strong> systems. These include:<br />
1. Practice 441, covering micro-<strong>irrigation</strong> systems.<br />
2. Practice 442, covering sprinkle systems.<br />
3. Practice 443, covering surface (furrow/border strip systems).<br />
4. Practice 447, covering tail<strong>water</strong> recovery systems.<br />
5. Practice 449, covering general <strong>irrigation</strong> <strong>water</strong> <strong>management</strong>.<br />
6. Practice 587 covering <strong>water</strong> control structures.<br />
7. Practice 610, covering salt <strong>management</strong>.<br />
In addition, WSU Cooperative Extension has published many advisories concerning the different<br />
types of <strong>irrigation</strong> systems and <strong>management</strong>. For example, Drought Advisory EM4828 contains<br />
a detailed discussion of the fac<strong>to</strong>rs involved in achieving high efficiency with surface <strong>irrigation</strong><br />
systems. Issue 12 of The Washing<strong>to</strong>n Irriga<strong>to</strong>r contains a discussion of distribution uniformity<br />
and the various fac<strong>to</strong>rs involved in achieving good uniformity.<br />
The American Society of Agricultural Engineers has various Standards and Engineering Practices<br />
that address design and <strong>management</strong> of on-farm <strong>irrigation</strong> systems. These will be noted in the various<br />
Implementation Practices as applicable.<br />
Possible Effects on Water Diversions<br />
Increasing overall application efficiency, by its definition, will reduce required <strong>water</strong> diversions<br />
<strong>to</strong> an individual farm unit. However, increasing on-farm application efficiency may not result in<br />
increased <strong>water</strong> supplies on a basin-wide basis. This is because of the possible reuse of both deep<br />
percolation and surface runoff from one farm by another.<br />
If that deep percolation or surface runoff is reduced, the farm that was once dependent on it may<br />
draw from natural sources. Or, there may be legal ramifications if it can be proved that one farm<br />
became dependent on the deep percolation or runoff from another.
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