Em4885 irrigation management practices to protect ground water

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IP 2.03.06 - Modify hand-line and side-roll sprinkle system layouts to smaller spacings and lower pressures if wind is a problem . . . 4-54 IP 2.03.07 - Ensure that center pivot sprinkler/nozzle packages are matched to the infiltration rate of the soil . . . . . . 4-54 IP 2.03.08 - Minimize surface runoff from sprinkle-irrigated fields . . 4-55 IP 2.03.09 - Use reservoir tillage (dammer/diker) techniques with sprinkle systems to reduce field runoff . . . . . . 4-56 IP 2.03.10 - Install runoff-reuse systems (see IP 2.02.11) . . . 4-56 Section 4 - Practices for Micro-Irrigation Systems . . . . 4-57 Pressure uniformity . . . . . . 4-57 Device uniformity . . . . . . 4-57 IP 2.04.01 - Consult experienced agronomists/engineers to ensure that the appropriate volume of soil is being wet by the system design . . 4-58 IP 2.04.02 - Have a competent and experienced irrigation engineer/specialist check the design for emission uniformity (pressure uniformity, correct pressure for the device) - use pressure regulators and pressure compensating emitters as necessary . . 4-58 IP 2.04.03 - Have the irrigation water analyzed to enable design of an adequate system of water treatment and filtration . . . . . 4-59 IP 2.04.04 - Have a chemical analysis of irrigation water/fertilizer/other additives to ensure compatibility and prevent clogging of the system. . . 4-60 IP 2.04.05 - Practice good maintenance procedures to ensure that the system performs as designed . . . . . . . 4-61 Overall Management Objective 3.00 - Manage fertilizer program so as to minimize excess nutrients available for detachment and transport . . . . 4-62 Explanation and Purpose . . . . . . . 4-62 Possible Effects on Water Diversions . . . . . 4-63 Possible Effects on Crop Yields . . . . . . 4-63 Possible Effects on Ground Water Quality . . . . . 4-63 Possible Effects on Surface Water Quality . . . . . 4-63 Section 1- Overall Good Practices IP 3.01.01 - Assess the risk of contamination of ground and surface water due to fertilizer/chemical leaching or runoff . . . . 4-64 IP 3.01.02 - Consider conservation tillage methods to reduce erosion . . 4-65 IP 3.01.03 - Consider cropping patterns that include deep-rooted crops to scavenge residual fertilizer . . . . . . 4-65 IP 3.01.04 - Maintain records of all soil, tissue, and water tests, cropping rotations, yields, and applications (dates, material, method, results) . . . . . . . . 4-66 Section 2- Do Not Apply Nutrients in Excess of Needs IP 3.02.01 - Analyze fields for residual nutrients . . . . 4-66 IP 3.02.02 - Analyze irrigation water for nitrogen content . . . 4-67 IP 3.02.03 - Analyze plant tissue to identify nutrient requirements . . 4-68 IP 3.02.04 - Test manure or other waste materials for nutrient content . . 4-68 IP 3.02.05 - Apply seasonal fertilizer requirements with multiple applications . 4-72 IP 3.02.06 - Use slow-release nitrogen fertilizers . . . . 4-72 IP 3.02.07 - Develop realistic yield goals . . . . . 4-73 viii
Section 3- Apply Fertilizer Properly (Note Applicable WAC Requirements) . . 4-73 IP 3.03.01 - Calibrate application equipment including manure spreaders to apply the proper and known amount . . . . . 4-73 IP 3.03.02 - Use the appropriate application technique (chemigation, broadcast, banding, foliar) for the particular situation . . . 4-74 IP 3.03.03 - Schedule fertilizer applications to avoid periods of irrigation for leaching for salt control, plant cooling, or frost control . . . 4-74 IP 3.03.04 - Avoid wind drift during applications . . . . 4-74 IP 3.03.05 - Incorporate surface-applied fertilizers immediately to reduce any volatilization . . . . . . . 4-75 IP 3.03.06 - Use nitrification inhibitors in combination with applications of ammoniacal forms . . . . . . 4-75 IP 3.03.07 - Ensure uniformity of application with manure . . . 4-76 IP 3.03.08 - Do not apply manure to frozen ground, especially sloping fields . . . . . . . . 4-76 IP 3.03.09 - Analyze irrigation water for compatibility with any fertilizer to be applied via fertigation . . . . . . 4-76 IP 3.03.10 - Use fertigation properly and according to regulations . . 4-77 Overall Management Objective 4.00 - Manage crop protection program so as to minimize chemical residues available for transport . . . . . . 4-80 Explanation and Purpose . . . . . . . 4-80 Section 1- Overall Good Practices IP 4.01.01 - Assess the risk of contamination of ground and surface waters due to chemical leaching and runoff . . . . . 4-81 IP 4.01.02 - Practice Integrated Pest Management techniques where applicable . . . . . . . 4-82 IP 4.01.03 - Schedule applications for maximum effectiveness . . . 4-83 IP 4.01.04 - Maintain records of all chemicals bought and applied as well as scouts and individual applications (dates, material, method, crop, results) . . . . . . . . 4-83 IP 4.01.05 - Read and follow all label instructions . . . . 4-83 IP 4.01.06 - Transport and store chemicals properly . . . . 4-84 IP 4.01.07 - Mix and load pesticides properly . . . . 4-85 IP 4.01.08 - Store and dispose of used containers properly . . . 4-85 IP 4.01.09 - Maintain equipment properly to reduce spills or leaks and clean properly after use . . . . . . . 4-86 IP 4.01.10 - Clean equipment properly after use . . . . 4-86 IP 4.01.11 - Consider conservation tillage methods to reduce erosion . . 4-87 Section 2- Apply Chemicals Properly (Note Applicable WAC Requirements) . . 4-87 IP 4.02.01 - Calibrate application equipment . . . . . 4-87 IP 4.02.02 - Use the appropriate application technique (chemigation, broadcast, air, ground application) . . . . . . 4-88 IP 4.02.03 - Schedule chemical applications to avoid periods of irrigation for leaching for salt control, plant cooling, or frost control . . . 4-88 IP 4.02.04 - Analyze irrigation water for compatibility with any chemicals to be applied via chemigation . . . . . . 4-88 IP 4.02.05 - Use chemigation properly and according to regulations . . 4-89 ix
Page 1 and 2: EM4885 IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT PRACTI
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .
Page 7: IP 2.01.08 - Consider changing the
Page 11 and 12: Determining reasonable goals . . .
Page 13 and 14: Figure 5-1a. Water Quality Conserva
Page 15 and 16: 1 CHAPTER Purpose INTRODUCTION This
Page 17 and 18: 1 CHAPTER 4. Objective 4.00 - Manag
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER2.
Page 21 and 22: Water Quality as an Economic Issue
Page 23 and 24: 5 CHAPTER 2 Nonpoint source polluti
Page 25 and 26: 7 CHAPTER 2 Table 2-1. Beneficial u
Page 27 and 28: Not Assessed 86% Percent of Tota
Page 29 and 30: Major Causes of Impairment for Estu
Page 31 and 32: Standards for ground water quality
Page 33 and 34: 15 CHAPTER 2 Blanket statements con
Page 35 and 36: Included in the general strategy st
Page 37 and 38: 19 CHAPTER 2 It is important to not
Page 39 and 40: 1 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3.
Page 41 and 42: Hereafter, when the term “detachm
Page 43 and 44: 5 CHAPTER 3 The nitrogen cycle, sho
Page 45 and 46: 7 CHAPTER 3 Organic forms of phosph
Page 47 and 48: 3. Soil water conditions - most che
Page 49 and 50: 11 CHAPTER 3 Essentially there is a
Page 51 and 52: 13 CHAPTER 3 Retention of water by
Page 53 and 54: 15 CHAPTER 3 Management allowed dep
Page 55 and 56: Excessive, or imbalanced, dissolved
Page 57 and 58: 19 CHAPTER 3 TABLE 3-1. Guidelines
Page 59 and 60:
21 CHAPTER 3 Salts leached from the
Page 61 and 62:
4 CHAPTER Purpose OVERALL MANAGEMEN
Page 63 and 64:
4 CHAPTER Implementing the Practice
Page 65 and 66:
4 CHAPTER IP 1.00.01 Install Concre
Page 67 and 68:
4 CHAPTER IP 1.00.03 - Install Flex
Page 69 and 70:
4 CHAPTER OVERALL MANAGEMENT OBJECT
Page 71 and 72:
4 CHAPTER figures depicts the depth
Page 73 and 74:
4 CHAPTER FIGURE 4-3. Depiction of
Page 75 and 76:
4 CHAPTER Efficient, Effective Irri
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4 CHAPTER Possible Effects on Yield
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4 CHAPTER These include: 1. Flumes,
Page 81 and 82:
4 CHAPTER IP 2.01.02 - Monitor Pump
Page 83 and 84:
4 CHAPTER IP 2.01.03 - Evaluate the
Page 85 and 86:
4 CHAPTER ECe LF = ................
Page 87 and 88:
4 CHAPTER Although the previous equ
Page 89 and 90:
4 CHAPTER Figure 4-9 is an example
Page 91 and 92:
4 CHAPTER 2. Determine how much to
Page 93 and 94:
4 CHAPTER Using the previous exampl
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4 CHAPTER Contact the local WSU Coo
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4 CHAPTER Note that the opportunity
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4 CHAPTER Soil variability may be s
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4 CHAPTER IP 2.02.03 - Use Surge-Fl
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4 CHAPTER IP 2.02.05 - Install a Su
Page 105 and 106:
4 CHAPTER IP 2.02.09 - Rip Hardpans
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4 CHAPTER IP 2.02.12 - Reduce Furro
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4 CHAPTER Infiltration rates and ap
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4 CHAPTER Description Sprinkle syst
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4 CHAPTER The actual technique invo
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4 CHAPTER IP 2.03.08 - Minimize Sur
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4 CHAPTER SECTION 4 - PRACTICES FOR
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4 CHAPTER Finally, different emissi
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4 CHAPTER Description One of the gr
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4 CHAPTER Possible Effects on Water
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4 CHAPTER IP 3.01.02 - Consider Con
Page 127 and 128:
4 CHAPTER IP 3.02.02 - Analyze Irri
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4 CHAPTER 4. Toxic materials conten
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4 CHAPTER Table 4-3b. Fertilizer nu
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4 CHAPTER IP 3.02.07 - Develop Real
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4 CHAPTER IP 3.03.05 - Incorporate
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4 CHAPTER IP 3.03.10 - Use Fertigat
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4 CHAPTER Other important factors t
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4 CHAPTER SECTION 1 - OVERALL GOOD
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4 CHAPTER IP 4.01.03 - Schedule App
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4 CHAPTER IP 4.01.07 - Mix and Load
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4 CHAPTER IP 4.01.11 - Consider Con
Page 149 and 150:
4 CHAPTER IP 4.02.05 - Use Chemigat
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4 CHAPTER 6. Know how much water is
Page 153 and 154:
4 CHAPTER SECTION 1 - REDUCE CONTAM
Page 155 and 156:
4 CHAPTER Description Depending on
Page 157 and 158:
4 CHAPTER SECTION 2 - MANAGE SURFAC
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4 CHAPTER Possible Effects on Water
Page 161 and 162:
4 CHAPTER IP 6.00.04 - Identify and
Page 163 and 164:
CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPING AN ON-FARM WAT
Page 165 and 166:
CHAPTER 5 Reducing availability The
Page 167 and 168:
CHAPTER 5 Example of Planning Check
Page 169 and 170:
CHAPTER 5 C.) Cooperator Progress/C
Page 171 and 172:
CHAPTER 5 U = USED S = SUGGESTED NA
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CHAPTER 5 U = USED S = SUGGESTED NA
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1 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 6.
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Irrigation Districts 3 CHAPTER 6 Th
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Reacting to Pollution - The Complia
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TABLE 6-1. List of Conservation Dis
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CHAPTER 7 Purpose RESOURCE GUIDE Th
Page 185 and 186:
CHAPTER 7 Integrated Pest Managemen
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CHAPTER 7 Irrigation System Managem
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CHAPTER 7 Private Applicator Pestic
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CHAPTER 8 GLOSSARY Absorption - The
Page 193 and 194:
CHAPTER 8 Leaching Ratio - The perc
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