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Figure 6.3 The monitoring and maintenance of internally displaced persons and refugees prior to the 1970s was nearly non-existent in Guatemala. The data kept by neighboring states was often aggregated data from the entire region. As a result, from 1950 to approximately 1970 there is no reliable data for this study. The steep increase from approximately 1971 through the early 1980s, may not have been as steep of an increase given the number of internally displaced persons and refugees in and outside of Guatemala that may have existed in the periods prior. 185
Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS This case study addressed three questions: (1) how does official economic development policy in a developing state affect intra and interstate migration? (2) how does state sponsored violence affect intra and interstate migration? (3) what is the relationship between economic development, state sponsored violence, and migration? The framework did offer explanations to the questions posited above; however, clear patterns did not always emerge. At least half of the time the predicted patterns were temporarily disrupted or were to some extent contradictory to what was predicted by the framework. The relationships between development and violence, violence and migration, and economic development, violence, and migration are summarized in table 7.1 on the following page, and are discussed in the sections immediately following. 186
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A FRAMEWORK FOR INTRA AND INTERSTAT
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Student: Kristina Victor I certify
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volume and duration of total migrat
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ......
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LIST OF TABLES 1. Table 2.1 Framewo
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Purpose of t
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eyond a simple threshold the intens
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eceiving states (predominantly deve
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Topics in the immigration literatur
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Security is a related sub-topic wit
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sheltered from having to justify th
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Rowthorn 2004; Kemnitz 2003; Stores
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decision by a state to develop rest
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(1) transnationalism increases amon
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or opportunity to receive higher wa
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migration in sending states. While
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individuals from emigrating. Additi
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tend to spend remittances less equi
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have been used for small scale deve
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Cornelius 2001; Crush 2002; Fitzger
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the industrial goals of society rei
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literature is (1) “idiographic,
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violence is approximately 6-10% of
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Hamilton and Chinchilla (1991) ackn
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interstate migration and the effect
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migration is almost always a ration
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A second criticism of non-quantitat
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Lifetime migrants are defined as
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ural and urban has changed over the
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independent variables such as regim
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entrapped in a clandestine detentio
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d. Interstate migrants: Lifetime, i
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eds and continuous cultivation of c
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elite classes during this period co
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enumeration of the Mayan population
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to foreign investment and foreign i
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the Liberal’s initial rule in pos
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The Conservatives were unable to es
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Company in 1901. Corporations from
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corresponding increase in state san
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Democracy in Guatemala: Juan Jose A
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Chapter 5 CURRENT CONDITIONS Guatem
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(1954) and Armas (1954-1957). The f
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President Méndez’s term ends wit
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voter turnout. Eligible voters igno
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against President Cerezo resulting
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Ramiro de Leon Carpio, the former H
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military personnel, and preconceive
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the counterrevolution’s “Libera
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President Kennedy addressed Latin A
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dropped napalm on rural villages in
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counterinsurgency effort during Pla
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funded secretly through the CIA. A
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By the end of the 1950s the deep-ro
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coffee plantations was affected mor
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that significant portions of the un
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Guatemala had been described as bei
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Chapter 6 DATA AND ANALYSIS The iss
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While Arbenz initially enjoyed the
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losing their employment, since many
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een banned after the coup in 1954,
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the “Tiger of Ixcán” and Enriq
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(1994), a Truth Commission, the Hum
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infuse Guatemala with funds for the
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G-2. The G-2 was a military intelli
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In the 1990s the Catholic Church jo
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included the murder of labor leader
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carried over significant social and
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In 1945 under President Arévalo th
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unfortunately, agrarian reform was
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went unheeded. President Arana’s
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American and Foreign Power Company,
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Page 150 and 151: Efforts to diversify the Guatemalan
Page 152 and 153: General Lucas (1978-1982): Economic
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Page 156 and 157: ural areas, and the implementation
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Page 162 and 163: The Framework: Initiating Economic
Page 164 and 165: the state’s exports-not just agri
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Page 168 and 169: agrarian reform in 1952. The studen
Page 170 and 171: individuals on the lists. The death
Page 172 and 173: the population to elect Colonel Ara
Page 174 and 175: Almost immediately after President
Page 176 and 177: unarmed and innocent civilians; the
Page 178 and 179: many years after his removal from o
Page 180 and 181: President Cerezo’s term produced
Page 182 and 183: charged (Human Rights Watch, 1990,
Page 184 and 185: The final findings of the CEH repor
Page 186 and 187: the earlier period in the 1950s the
Page 188 and 189: sponsored violence were linked to e
Page 190 and 191: Dependent Variable: Intra and Inter
Page 192 and 193: 207). Migrants, and their children,
Page 194 and 195: Detailed monitoring of displaced pe
Page 198 and 199: Table 7.1 Year 1. Administration 2.
Page 200 and 201: coincided with high levels of polit
Page 202 and 203: The predicted patterns of economic
Page 204 and 205: APPENDIX A Table A.1 Year Leader Re
Page 206 and 207: Year GDP US$ (million) GDP Growth R
Page 208 and 209: Year Population Life Expectancy Inf
Page 210 and 211: 199
Page 212 and 213: Castles, Stephen. “Migration and
Page 214 and 215: Gerstle, Gary., and Mollenkopf, Joh
Page 216 and 217: Kofman, E. “Female ‘Birds of Pa
Page 218 and 219: SALA, Statistical Abstract of Latin
Page 220: of Economic Affairs, 1987. Storesle
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