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Gerstle, Gary., and Mollenkopf, John. E. Pluribus Unum? Contemporary and Historical Perspectives on Immigrant Political Incorporation. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2001. Ghai, Dharam. “How Can Kenyans Abroad Contribute to National Development?” Development in Practice 15, no. 5 (2005): 668-676. Gleijeses, Piero. Shattered Hope: The Guatemalan Revolution and the United States, 1994-1954. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. Goldsborough, James. “Out-of-Control Immigration.” Foreign Affairs 79, no. 5, (2000): 89- 101. Grammage, Sarah. “Exporting People and Recruiting Remittances: A Development Strategy for El Salvador? Latin American Perspectives 33, no. 6 (2006): 75-100. Grandin, Greg. The Blood of Guatemala: A History of Race and Nation. London: Duke University Press, 2000. Grieb, Kenneth J. “The Guatemalan Military and the Revolution of 1944.” The Americas 32, no. 4 (1976): 524-543. Guarnizo, Luis Eduardo. “The Economics of Transnational Living.” International Migration Review 37, no. 3 (2003): 666-699. Guatemala Memory of Silence: Report of the Commission for Historical Clarification (CEH), 1999. http://shr.aaas.org/guatemala/ceh/report/english/toc.html. Gufstafson, Per. “International Migration and National Belonging in the Swedish Debate on Dual Citizenship.” Acta Sociologica 48, no. 1 (2005): 5-19. Guiraudon, Virginie and Lahav, Gallya. “Reappraisal of the State Sovereignty Debate.” Comparative Political Studies 33, no. 2 (2000): 163-195. Hamilton, Nora H. and Chinchilla, Norma. “Central American Migration: A Framework for Analysis.” Latin American Research Review 26, no. 1 (1991): 75-110. Hammar, T. “Dual Citizenship and Political Integration.” International Migration Review 19 (1985): 438- 450. Handy, Jim. Gift of the Devil: A History of Guatemala. Boston: South End Press, 1984. Hansen, Jorgen., and Lofstrom, Magnus. “Immigrant Assimilation and Welfare Participation: Do Immigrants Assimilate into or out of Welfare?” The Journal of Human Resources 39, no. 1 (2003): 74-98. Harris, J.R., and Tordaro, Michael P. “Migration, Unemployment, and Development: A Two-Sector Analysis.” American Economic Review 60 (1970): 126-142. Hart, David M. “From Brain Drain to Mutual Gain: Sharing the Benefits of High-Skill Migration; A Global Economy Built on Policies of Mutual Gain Would be Both Richer and Fairer than One Premised on a War for Talent.” Issues in Science and Technology 23, no. 1 (2006): 53-63. Harvey, Colin., and Barnidge, Robert P. Jr. “The Right to Leave One’s Own Country Under International 203
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A FRAMEWORK FOR INTRA AND INTERSTAT
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Student: Kristina Victor I certify
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volume and duration of total migrat
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ......
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LIST OF TABLES 1. Table 2.1 Framewo
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Purpose of t
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eyond a simple threshold the intens
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eceiving states (predominantly deve
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Topics in the immigration literatur
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Security is a related sub-topic wit
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sheltered from having to justify th
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Rowthorn 2004; Kemnitz 2003; Stores
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decision by a state to develop rest
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(1) transnationalism increases amon
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or opportunity to receive higher wa
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migration in sending states. While
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individuals from emigrating. Additi
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tend to spend remittances less equi
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have been used for small scale deve
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Cornelius 2001; Crush 2002; Fitzger
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the industrial goals of society rei
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literature is (1) “idiographic,
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violence is approximately 6-10% of
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Hamilton and Chinchilla (1991) ackn
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interstate migration and the effect
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migration is almost always a ration
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A second criticism of non-quantitat
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Lifetime migrants are defined as
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ural and urban has changed over the
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independent variables such as regim
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entrapped in a clandestine detentio
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d. Interstate migrants: Lifetime, i
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eds and continuous cultivation of c
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elite classes during this period co
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enumeration of the Mayan population
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to foreign investment and foreign i
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the Liberal’s initial rule in pos
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The Conservatives were unable to es
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Company in 1901. Corporations from
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corresponding increase in state san
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Democracy in Guatemala: Juan Jose A
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Chapter 5 CURRENT CONDITIONS Guatem
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(1954) and Armas (1954-1957). The f
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President Méndez’s term ends wit
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voter turnout. Eligible voters igno
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against President Cerezo resulting
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Ramiro de Leon Carpio, the former H
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military personnel, and preconceive
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the counterrevolution’s “Libera
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President Kennedy addressed Latin A
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dropped napalm on rural villages in
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counterinsurgency effort during Pla
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funded secretly through the CIA. A
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By the end of the 1950s the deep-ro
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coffee plantations was affected mor
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that significant portions of the un
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Guatemala had been described as bei
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Chapter 6 DATA AND ANALYSIS The iss
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While Arbenz initially enjoyed the
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losing their employment, since many
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een banned after the coup in 1954,
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the “Tiger of Ixcán” and Enriq
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(1994), a Truth Commission, the Hum
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infuse Guatemala with funds for the
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G-2. The G-2 was a military intelli
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In the 1990s the Catholic Church jo
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included the murder of labor leader
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carried over significant social and
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In 1945 under President Arévalo th
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unfortunately, agrarian reform was
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went unheeded. President Arana’s
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American and Foreign Power Company,
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and timber contained and extracted
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highest agricultural wages were tho
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Efforts to diversify the Guatemalan
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General Lucas (1978-1982): Economic
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appropriation of state funds to be
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ural areas, and the implementation
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poles in rural areas. From 1983 to
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purchased by the United States over
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The Framework: Initiating Economic
Page 164 and 165: the state’s exports-not just agri
Page 166 and 167: 155
Page 168 and 169: agrarian reform in 1952. The studen
Page 170 and 171: individuals on the lists. The death
Page 172 and 173: the population to elect Colonel Ara
Page 174 and 175: Almost immediately after President
Page 176 and 177: unarmed and innocent civilians; the
Page 178 and 179: many years after his removal from o
Page 180 and 181: President Cerezo’s term produced
Page 182 and 183: charged (Human Rights Watch, 1990,
Page 184 and 185: The final findings of the CEH repor
Page 186 and 187: the earlier period in the 1950s the
Page 188 and 189: sponsored violence were linked to e
Page 190 and 191: Dependent Variable: Intra and Inter
Page 192 and 193: 207). Migrants, and their children,
Page 194 and 195: Detailed monitoring of displaced pe
Page 196 and 197: Figure 6.3 The monitoring and maint
Page 198 and 199: Table 7.1 Year 1. Administration 2.
Page 200 and 201: coincided with high levels of polit
Page 202 and 203: The predicted patterns of economic
Page 204 and 205: APPENDIX A Table A.1 Year Leader Re
Page 206 and 207: Year GDP US$ (million) GDP Growth R
Page 208 and 209: Year Population Life Expectancy Inf
Page 210 and 211: 199
Page 212 and 213: Castles, Stephen. “Migration and
Page 216 and 217: Kofman, E. “Female ‘Birds of Pa
Page 218 and 219: SALA, Statistical Abstract of Latin
Page 220: of Economic Affairs, 1987. Storesle
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