Complete Thesis_double spaced abstract.pdf

eds and continuous cultivation of crops. Improved agricultural yields with a variety of crops
facilitated the construction of cities with large scale agricultural projects such as the pyramids in
the most populous city, El Mirador. Also, during the Pre-classical period the Mayans began using
stone in their buildings and were able to manufacture pottery and textiles. Furthermore, during
the Pre-classical period the Mayans created a kin based-chief led ruling system that would
become the framework for their future political and social systems. During the pre-classical
period, within Guatemala, Mayans were concentrated in the Northern Petén region and along the
Southern coast near the Pacific Ocean.
The next period is termed the Classic period and it lasts from 250 A.D. through 900 A.D.
This is the apex of Mayan civilization. During the Classical period the advances from the Pre-
classical period are further developed. Mayans become skilled in mathematics, astronomy,
writing and the creation of elaborate calendars. Teotihuacán, located in modern day Mexico,
becomes the most important and largest Mayan city. Additionally, each of the larger city-states
becomes more strongly linked through trade networks. Merchants play an increasingly important
role in society as goods are moved from costal and agricultural lowlands to the interior urban
areas. During the Classical period Mayan population increases significantly, as do new Mayan
cities such as Tikal, Copán, and Piedras Negras. An increase population and growth in cities
allows for new opportunities to cooperate and trade, as well as increased opportunities for
competition and occasional warfare. Also during this time period, the social stratification
between the classes becomes apparent. Hereditary kings rule over smaller settlements and large
city states. Alongside the priests, their families become the noble classes in Mayan society.
These noble classes adorn themselves and their households with elaborate clothing, jewelry,
mosaics, paintings, stone sculptures and engage in organized sports and learning. During this
time period the lower classes are required to pay tribute to the noble classes with two thirds to
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