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January 2012 Volume 15 Number 1 - Educational Technology ...

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lack of self-directing ability necessitates task scaffolding that can be implemented in stages, with the learners’<br />

negotiating existing or instructor-assigned tasks and then proceeding to initiate their own tasks. Figure 10<br />

exemplifies a simple framework for scaffolding the learner that can be further explored.<br />

Figure 10. Suggested types and stages of scaffolding related to learning console use<br />

This research was the first iteration of a developmental cycle that encompassed a preliminary investigation and an<br />

active approach to design, redesign, and investigate constructs that are relevant to the researcher, learners, and<br />

instructors. Several iterations of data collection are recommended in order to allow the evaluation of the impact of<br />

the learning console and the learning outcomes of the learners. These include researching multiple sites and<br />

increasing the number of groups under different instructor management that will add to the dependability of results.<br />

Future work will deal with added functions of the learning console, such as the types of tasks negotiated, the<br />

effectiveness of group negotiations, the incorporation of other motivational elements, and the dynamics of learnerinstructor<br />

interaction.<br />

References<br />

Early stage Intermediate<br />

Later stage<br />

Induction to the learning<br />

console<br />

Types of scaffolding<br />

Technological<br />

Procedural<br />

Motivational<br />

Example of mechanism<br />

Walkthrough page<br />

Trial login<br />

Andersson, A. (2008). Seven major challenges for e-learning in developing countries: Case study eBIT, Sri Lanka, International<br />

Journal of Education and Development Using ICT, 4(3). Retrieved February 5, 2010, from<br />

http://ijedict.dec.uwi.edu/viewissue.php?id=17#Refereed_Articles<br />

Azevedo, R., Cromley, J. G., Thomas, L., Seibert, D., &Tron, M.(2003). Online process scaffolding and students’ self-regulated<br />

learning with hypermedia. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American <strong>Educational</strong> Research Association,<br />

Chicago, Illinois.<br />

Azevedo, R. &Hadwin, A. F. (2005).Scaffolding self-regulated learning and metacognition: Implications for the design of<br />

computer-based scaffolds, Instructional Science (2005)33, 367–379.<br />

Bannan-Ritland, B. (2003). The role of design in research: The integrative learning design framework. <strong>Educational</strong><br />

Researcher, 32(1), 21–24.<br />

Guided task negotiation<br />

Types of scaffolding<br />

Procedural<br />

Task-related<br />

Motivational<br />

Example of mechanism<br />

Task reminder<br />

Sample negotiated task<br />

Self-initiated task<br />

negotiation<br />

Types of scaffolding<br />

Task-related<br />

Motivational<br />

Example of mechanism<br />

Template for negotiation<br />

Task checklist<br />

Task reminder<br />

Bauman, M. (1997). Online learning communities. Retrieved October 2, 2004, from http://leahi.kcc.hawaii.<br />

edu/org/tcc_conf97/pres/bauman.html#STUDIFF<br />

Boyer, N. R., & Maher, P.A. (2004). Constructing scaffolds for social online learning: Using self-directed frameworks with<br />

virtual groups, International Journal of Self-directed learning, 1(1), 26–38.<br />

Boyer, K. E., Phillips, R., Wallis, M,,Vouk, M., & Lester, J. (2008). Balancing cognitive and motivational scaffolding in tutorial<br />

dialogue. In B. Woolf et al. (Eds.): ITS 2008, LNCS 5091, 239–249, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.<br />

Boekaerts, M. (1997). Self-regulated learning: A new concept embraced by researchers, concept makers, educators, teachers, and<br />

students. Learning and Instruction, 7(2), 161–186.<br />

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