January 2012 Volume 15 Number 1 - Educational Technology ...

student, the teaching material for this poem is displayed on a smart phone. The student has to pass a quiz about this
poem to enter the next stage.
Stage 2: Sensory Experience
During this stage, the smart phone prompts the student to note experiences related to this poem in this location using
various senses, such as sight and hearing. The students are required to record their experiences by text or photos
using their smart phones. If the student can not find anything to experience, the system will prompt other students’
tagging in the folksonomy to her/him. The student has to annotate at least one tag about this poem to enter the next
stage.
Stage 3: Action Experience
During this stage, the smart phone prompts the student to do something related to this poem in this spot. The students
are required to record their action experiences by text or photos using their smart phones.
Stage 4: Reflection Tagging
After sensory and action experience, the system prompts the student to tag her/his reflections about this poem. The
goal of this stage is to help students organize their knowledge formed in the field-trip learning process.
During the learning stages, students are guided according to a learning guidance tree, which is derived from a
folksonomy. The overview of the folksonomy transformation process is illustrated in Figure 1. In Phase 1 students
tag their opinions related to the poems and categorize their tags into the existing folksonomy. For example, a student
can assign a tag “fishing” to the category “recreation”, which means “fishing” is a kind of “recreation”. A
folksonomy consists of a number of categories. Students can assign their tags, generated during the learning process,
to one of these categories on their own judgment. In Phase 2 experts and teachers collaboratively review the
folksonomy and transform it into a learning guidance tree in a wiki-based manner. In this work the transformation
process is executed by humans including students, teachers and experts.
Example
Figure 1. The process of folksonomy transformation
The poem “Watching Fish”, as shown in Figure 2, is chosen by the student. The corresponding learning guidance
tree is then constructed, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 2. The poem recommended by the system (with translation in English)
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