January 2012 Volume 15 Number 1 - Educational Technology ...

(defrule student-advisor
(triple (predicate "http://sparc.nfu.edu.tw/~hsuic/sw/ontology/SoPro.owl#XMLParser")
(subject ?x) (object ?y))
(triple (predicate "http://sparc.nfu.edu.tw/~hsuic/sw/ontology/SoPro.owl#using")
(subject ?y) (object ?z))
=>
(assert
(triple (predicate "http://sparc.nfu.edu.tw/~hsuic/sw/ontology/SoPro.owl#treeMode")
(subject ?x) (object ?z))) )
Figure 8. The RuleML rule is transformed to JESS-based rule
3. It relies on the above JESS-based facts and rules to infer the rule-based learning objects. The inference can infer
that there is a treeMode relation from cu-1 to cu-3. The inference result is converted to an LOM document, as
shown in Figure 9. The output result of rule-based reasoning is shown in (C) of Figure 4.
Experimental Results
……………….
URI
http://sparc.nfu.edu.tw/~hsuic/sw/ontology/SoPro.owl#XML
URI
http://sparc.nfu.edu.tw/~hsuic/sw/ontology/SoPro.owl#treeMode
learning object ID
cu-3
…………………
Figure 9. The rule-based metadata created by inference agent
After describing the framework for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of LOM through LOFinder, a preliminary
experiment is performed to test the expressiveness of the MSLF and the reasoning capabilities of LOFinder.
The test dataset contained 125 learning objects distributed in different classes of the SoPro ontology. In addition to
the test dataset, there were 217 relations annotated in LOM-based metadata documents among those learning objects.
Altogether, nine rules were identified as necessary to infer for the relevant learning objects. The complete list of
rules can be found in Table 3. The first six rules are ontology-based reasoning, and the first three rules do not directly
support to produce learning objects but can be referred by other rules. The last three rules are rule-based inference.
Table 3. Rules list
Rule number Type Rule expression
Rule-1 ontology(subclass) if XML(x) then MarkupLanguage (x)
Rule-2 ontology(subclass) if XHTML(x) then MarkupLanguage(x)
Rule-3 ontology(subclass) if HTML(x) then MarkupLanguage(x)
Rule-4 ontology(symmetric) if overlap(x, y) then overlap(y, x)
Rule-5 ontology(transitive) if include(x, y) and include(y, z) then include(x, z)
Rule-6 ontology(inverse) if standard(x, y) then application(y, x)
Rule-7 rule if XMLParser(x, y) and using(y, z) then treeModee(x, z)
Rule-8 rule if XMLParser(x, y) and event(y, z) then eventModee(x, z)
Rule-9 rule if template(x, y) and format(x, z) then style(y, z)
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