New Imperialists : Ideologies of Empire

militarism in fact obscures a serious weakness, are made by Todd, Après l’empire, and
I. Wallerstein, The Decline of American Power (New York and London: New Press,
2003).
6. Todd, Après l’empire, p. 10. See also C. Prestowitz, Rogue Nation: American Unilateral-
ism and the Failure of Good Intentions (New York: Basic Books, 2003).
7. See Richard T. Hughes, Myths America Lives By (Urbana and Chicago, Ill.: University
of Chicago Press, 2003), for a discussion of the abiding motifs that idealise the U.S.A.
8. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, trans.H.Reeve,rev.F.Bowen,ed.
P. Bradley (New York: Vintage Books, 1990), I: pp.14, 53, 301; II: pp. 10, 11.
9. A. Chaon, Le Monde Diplomatique, 24 June 2000.
10. For instance: J. Monroe, Hellfire Nation: The Politics of Sin in American History (New
Haven: Yale University Press, 2003); S. M. Lipset and E. Raab, The Politics of Unreason:
Right-wing Extremism in America, 1790–1970 (New York: Harper & Row,1970);
D. Bennett, The Party of Fear: From Nativist Movements to the New Right in American
History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988); R. Bellah, The Broken
Covenant (Chicago: Seabury Press, 1988); M. Gardell, Gods of the Blood: The Pagan
Revival and White Separatism (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003).
11. See in general D. Garland, The Culture of Control (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 2003).
12. S. Mallat, al-Dimuqratiyya fi Amerika (Beirut: Dar al-Nahar, 2001), p. 76.
13. Tocqueville, Democracy in America, I: pp. 98, 123, 267, II: pp. 11, 123.
AL-AZMEH: After the Fact 43
14. Ibid., I: pp. 40, 163.
15. Bellah, Broken Covenant, pp. 48ff. and passim; Tocqueville, Democracy in America,
passim.
16. Tocqueville, Democracy in America,I:p.31.
17. Ibid., I: p. 301, II: p. 95.
18. Ibid., I: pp. 43–44.
19. E. Balibar, L’Europe, l’Amerique et la guerre (Paris: La Decouverte, 2003), p. 140.
20. Tocqueville, Democracy in America, I: p. 187.
21. Ibid., II: chs. 10–18.
22. Ibid., II: p. 70.
23. Ibid., II: p. 319.
24. Todd, Après l’empire, pp. 143, 156, and ch. 5, passim.
25. G. Salamé, Quant l’Amerique refait le monde (Paris: Flammarion, 2005). See
C. Schmitt, “Volkerrechtliche Foemen des modernen Imperialismus,” in idem,
Positionen und Begriffe im Kampf mit Weimar-Genf-Versailles (Berlin: Duncker und
Humblot, 1994), pp. 184ff.; Balibar, L’Europe, l’Amerique et la guerre, pp. 107ff.;
G. Balakrishnan, The Enemy. An Intellectual Portrait of Carl Schmitt (London: Verso,
2000), ch. 18.
26. See the excellent article by A. Frachon and D. Vernet, Le Monde, 16 April 2003.
27. “A Survey of America,” The Economist, 8 November 2003, p. 9.