New Imperialists : Ideologies of Empire

9. Ibid., pp. 13–14; Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, “In a Word” (interview with Ellen
Rooney), in The Second Wave: A Reader in Feminist Theory, ed. Linda Nicholson (New
York: Routledge, 1997), pp. 356–378.
10. Susan Ryan, “Errand into Africa: Colonization and Nation Building in Sarah J. Hale’s
Liberia,” New England Quarterly: A Historical Review of New England Life and Letters,
68(4), 1995, p. 582.
11. Howard Williams, Hegel, Heraclitus and Marx’s Dialectics (New York: Harvester
Wheatsheaf, 1989), pp. 1–31.
MOJAB: Gender, Political Islam, and Imperialism 83
12. Vladimir Ilich Lenin, “Conspectus of Hegel’s Book The Science of Logic,” Collected
Works, vol. 38 (Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1961), p. 223.
13. Vladimir Ilich Lenin, “On the Question of Dialectics,” Collected Works, vol.38
(Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1961), pp. 359–360.
14. Women for Women International, “Windows of Opportunity: The Pursuit of
Gender Equality in Post-war Iraq,” Washington D.C., January 2005, p. 7. See
http://www.womenforwomen.org/downloads/iraq_paper_0105.pdf
15. The anti-feminist credentials of the IWF can be gauged from its indictment of the
United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women. In “The Worst Treaty . . . With the Best Name,” the IWF declares
“10 reasons why the misnamed treaty should be rejected” (16 June 2002). See
http://www.iwf.org/issues/issues_detail.asp?articleid=431 (retrieved 1 September
2005).
16. See, for instance, “IWF Awarded Grant to SUPPORT IRAQI WOMEN” (28 September
2004) at http://www.iwf.org/articles/article_detail.asp?articleid=677. See Melissa
Dribben, “Two Visiting Iraqi Kurdish Women Thank the U.S. for Invading,” Philadelphia
Inquirer, 19 July 2004, pp. B1, B2, for other initiatives to teach democracy to
Kurdish women.
17. The Iraqi Transition Government, http://www.iraqigovernment.org/index_en.htm
(accessed 20 September 2005).
18. Afghanistan Government website, http://www.afghangovernment.com/ (accessed 20
September 2005).
19. Amnesty International, “Afghanistan: Women Under Attack: A Systemic Failure to
Protect,” AI Index: ASA 11/007/2005. See http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/
engasa110072005?open&of=eng_afg (accessed 20 September 2005).
20. Bobby Sayyid, A Fundamental Fear: Eurocentrism and the Emergence of Islamism
(London: Zed Books, 1997).
21. Marx noted in 1844 that “Man makes religion, religion does not make man,” however,
“religion is the self-consciousness and self-feeling of man who has either not yet
found himself or has already lost himself again. But man is no abstract being
squatting outside the world. Man is the world of man, the state, society. This state, this
society, produces religion, a reversed world-consciousness, because they are a reversed
world.” Karl Marx, “Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law,”