The Geneva Protocol, by David Hunter Miller

CHAPTER II. 157
CHAPTER II.
ACTS OF AGGRESSION.
ARTICLE 4.--The High Contracting Parties solemnly declare that acts of aggression, even when not
amounting to a state of war, and preparations for such acts of aggression, are hereafter to be deemed forbidden
by international law.
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ARTICLE 5.--In the absence of a state of war, measures of force by land, by sea or in the air taken by one
State against another and not taken for the purpose of defense against aggression or for the protection of
human life shall be deemed to be acts of aggression.
General or partial mobilisation may be deemed to be preparation for an act of aggression.
Any signatory which claims that another signatory has violated any of the terms of this Declaration shall
submit its case to the Permanent Court of International Justice.
A signatory refusing to accept the jurisdiction of the Court in any such case shall be deemed an aggressor
within the terms of this Declaration.
Failure to accept the jurisdiction of the Court within four days after notification of submission of a claim of
violation of this Declaration shall be deemed a refusal to accept the jurisdiction.
ARTICLE 6.--The Court shall also have jurisdiction on the complaint of any signatory to make a judgment to
the effect that there has or has not in any given case been committed a violation of international law within the
terms of Article 4.
ARTICLE 7.--The Court shall, in any case, have the power to indicate, if it considers that circumstances so
require, any provisional measures which ought to be taken to reserve the respective rights of either party.
Pending the final decision, notice of the measures suggested shall forthwith be given to the parties.