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STUDIES ON INSECT DAMAGES OF WOODEN CULTURAL HERITAGE IN LATVIA In Durbe’s Castle specific care and awareness was advised for some storage areas with activity by AP (Fig. 13). In Rundale for the stored parts of Lestene’s Church the local restorers were advised to use sticky traps with special insect glue, which were cut individually for certain areas with insect attack (Fig. 10). Furthermore, they were asked to control the beetle emergence at a frequency of two weeks (i.e., March to June). So far, other monitoring measures, which were used in Detmold, like large-scale beetle collection, frass analyses, trapping with pheromone-, light-, or combined sticky traps, paper covers of infested timbers or other devices with sticky material were not applied in the scope of this project. 3. Results and discussion Active attack by the most important wood-destroying insects furniture beetle (Anobium punctatum (DeGeer); AP), Deathwatch beetle (Xestobium rufovillosum (DeGeer); XR), Old house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus (L.); HB), and the anobiid species Hadrobregmus pertinax (L.) (HP) could be shown for many of the investigated sites in Latvia, of course with respect to specific wood species used (oak, pine, spruce, etc). Unsurprisingly, old historical and/or recently died-out infestations (Figs. 4, 6) were found in almost all artefacts (agricultural and household materials, furniture), constructions (block houses, roofs), and sacral artefacts (altars, benches, organs, pulpits). Attack by fresh-wood insects was encountered in many buildings of the Latvijas etnogrāfiskais brīvdabas muzejs, proving the use of freshly cut trees in past times for the constructions of houses, yet, of only destructive importance in the first two years after construction. The degree of attack varied in the objects (see Table 1). 1) Only in 17 of 68 thoroughly inspected buildings of the Open air museum in Riga active attack was found (the remaining buildings [n ≥ 30] could only – if at all – be investigated in parts. Furniture and agricultural artefacts were attacked mainly by the Anobiid beetles AP and sometimes by HP. In roof beams attack by HB was encountered. Only little XR attack was found (storage room, K36, Fig. 3). 2) The situation of several churches is alarming. Bauska’s Sveta Gara luteranu church (Figs. 11, 12, 17), Kuldiga’s Svetas Trīsvienības church (Fig. 14, 16) and Sv. Annas luterāņu church and Liepaja’s Sveta Annas church are in a terrible condition regarding overall AP attack. Other churches, including Rīgas Doms which needs to be investigated more thoroughly, seem to have only little attack by woodboring insects. This may be due to recent renovations (Kuldigas Katrīnas, Valmieras Sīmaņa and Dzierciems churches) and/or former use of wood preservatives. 3) Parts of Lestenes church which are stored in one of the front buildings of Castle Rundale exhibit massive attack by the Deathwatch beetle XR and the Furniture beetle AP (Figs. 8-10). For the sculptures, the altar and other parts a control measure needed to be carried out. After discussing the possible measures it was decided to eradicate the wood-boring insects using the fumigant methyl bromide in October of 2005. 4) In the roof of Rundale’s Castle extinct attack by HB (Fig. 7) and XR was found in different construction parts. Oak supports in the roofs need to be controlled with regard to activity of XR. Fig. 1. Rīga, Latvijas etnogrāfiskais brīvdabas Fig. 2. Rīga, LEM, infested Furniture (K21) muzejs (LEM), Fisherhouse (K21) 112
WOOD SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE Table 1: Objects visited and studied in the frame of the project and categorization of insect attack. Abbreviated: visited, revisited, studied; 0/+/++/+++ degree of insect attack; ? to be evaluated; * visited before 2004; ren. Renovated/restored. Location Object(s) visit study attack Rīga Latvijas etnogrāfiskais brīvdabas muzejs +++/0 Āraiši Āraišu ezerpils +/fungi! Rundāles Rundāles pils + Tukums Durbes muiža + Cēsis Cēsu pilsdrupas Cēsis Jaunpils ??? Ēdole Ēdoles muiža Rīga Rīgas Doms 0/? Rundāle Lestenes baznīca +++ Bauska Bauskas Sv. Gara luterāņu baznīca +++ Kuldīga Kuldīgas Sv. Trīsvienības baznīca +++/+ Kuldīga Kuldīgas Sv. Katrīnas luterāņu baznīca +/0 Kuldīga Kulīgas Sv. Annas luterāņu baznīca ++/+ Ēdole Baznīca 0/? Liepāja Liepājas Sv. Annas luterāņu baznīca ++ Liepāja Liepājas Sv. Trīsvienības luterāņu baznīca +++ Cēsis Cēsu Sv. Jāņa luterāņu baznīca ? Iģene Iģenes Luterāņu baznīca ren.+/0 Valmiera Valmieras Sv. Sīmaņa baznīca ren.0/? Vecpils Vecpils katoļu baznīca +++ Krimulda Krimuldas luterāņu baznīca 0/? Turaida Turaidas luterāņu baznīca 0/? Dzierciems Baznīca ren.0 Āraiši Baznīca 0/? Zeme Baznīca ren. Aloja Alojas luterāņu baznīca ??? Turlava Lipaiķu luterāņu baznīca +++ Durbe Durbes luterāņu baznīca ??? Liepa “Kalāči” ++ Veselava Veselavas muiža +/0 Dzirciems Pastariņa muzejs + Bīriņi Bīriņu muiža * +/? Cesvaine Cesvaines muiža * + Piebalgas r. Kalna Kaibēni, Kaudzīšu muzejs* + 113
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Proceedings e report 67
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Wood science for conservation of cu
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SUMMARY Introduction ..............
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WOOD SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION OF CU
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INTRODUCTION These proceedings of a
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(A) MATERIAL PROPERTIES
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SORPTION OF MOISTURE AND DIMENSIONA
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VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES OF TROPICAL
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CREEP PROPERTIES OF HEAT TREATED WO
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MEASUREMENT OF THE ELASTIC PROPERTI
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ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF MINUTE SAMPLE
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4. Results Young's modulus (10^4 Mp
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PREDICTION OF LINEAR DIMENSIONAL CH
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DIMENSIONAL CHANGE OF UNRESTRICTED
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DIMENSIONAL CHANGE OF UNRESTRICTED
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AGEING OF WOOD - DESCRIBED BY THE A
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90 30 0 3,0E-03 - 2,0E 2,0E-03 - 1,
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4. Application HYGRO-LOCK INTEGRATI
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RESEARCH ON THE AGING OF WOOD IN RI
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RESEARCH ON THE AGING OF WOOD IN RI
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Xylarium Database RESEARCH ON THE A
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AGING WOOD FROM CULTURAL PROPERTIES
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AGING WOOD FROM CULTURAL PROPERTIES
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Page 70 and 71: STRENGTH AND MOE OF POPLAR WOOD ACR
Page 72 and 73: PHOTODEGRADATION AND THERMAL DEGRAD
Page 79 and 80: ROMANIAN WOODEN CHURCHES WALL PAINT
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Page 85 and 86: DISINFECTION AND CONSOLIDATION BY I
Page 87 and 88: 3. Results and discussion WOOD SCIE
Page 105 and 106: FUNGAL DECONTAMINATION BY COLD PLAS
Page 115: STUDIES ON INSECT DAMAGES OF WOODEN
Page 121 and 122: TERMITE INFESTATION RISK IN PORTUGU
Page 127 and 128: BIODETERIORATION OF CULTURAL HERITA
Page 131 and 132: 4. Causes of biodeterioration WOOD
Page 133 and 134: DEGRADATION OF MELANIN AND BIOCIDES
Page 139 and 140: MOULD ON ORGANS AND CULTURAL HERITA
Page 157 and 158: RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF TH
Page 159 and 160: 4. Methodology WOOD SCIENCE FOR CON
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METHODS OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE WOOD TES
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MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION OF DIMEN
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IN THE HEART OF THE LIMBA TREE (TER
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3. Conclusions WOOD SCIENCE FOR CON
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2. Materials and methods WOOD SCIEN
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3. Chemometrics WOOD SCIENCE FOR CO
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3. Results and discussion WOOD SCIE
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NIR SPECTROSCOPIC MONITORING OF WAT
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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE STRENGT
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3. Methods and models WOOD SCIENCE
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SIMPLE ELECTRONIC SPECKLE PATTERN I
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5. Conclusions WOOD SCIENCE FOR CON
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Average r adiated presure field (dB
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EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL MECHANIC
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EFFECT OF THERMAL TREATMENT ON STRU
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The aims of this work are to: WOOD
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ultramarine [bad] titanium white [m
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4. Conclusions chrome yellow WOOD S
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Fig. 7 - A soaked lamella clamped i
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(D) CONSERVATION
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EUROPEAN TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 346 -
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THE WRECK OF VROUW MARIA - CURRENT
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ROMANIAN ARCHITECTURAL WOODEN CULTU
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RESSURREIÇÃO DE CRISTO - PANEL FR
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ON 18 TH- AND 19 TH- CENTURY SACRIS
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ON 18TH- AND 19TH- CENTURY SACRISTY
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DEFIBRING OF HISTORICAL ROOF BEAM C
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EXAMINATION AND CONSERVATION OF TWO
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EXAMINATION AND CONSERVATION OF TWO
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THE CONSEQUENCES OF WOODEN STRUCTUR
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CONSEQUENCES OF WOODEN STRUCTURES C
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WHAT ONE NEEDS TO KNOW FOR THE ASSE
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load (KN) Samples 6 5 4 3 2 1 WOOD
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STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF TRADITIONAL
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INVESTIGATION ON THE UTILIZATION OF
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3. Results and discussions WOOD SCI
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Abadlia ......................... 3
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ANNEX 1: FACTS ABOUT COST ACTION IE
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Keynote presentations WOOD SCIENCE
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