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DISINFECTION AND CONSOLIDATION BY IRRADIATION OF WOODEN SAMPLES FROM THREE ROMANIAN CHURCHES about 20-30 kGy. Radiation polymerization has a great advantage over conventional polymerization by chemical catalysts as the heat rise can be perfectly controlled by varying the radiation dose rate. The other advantage of radiation polymerization is that the excess resin from an impregnation can be reused, due to the absence of chemical catalysts in the resin storage. The disadvantage of this consolidation treatment in comparison to other consolidation methods of cultural heritage objects is that the process is not reversible. However, it can save from destruction artifacts which present a very high degree of deterioration (4). 2. Materials and methods Samples The studied wooden samples came from three Romanian churches: A. piece from wooden ceiling of an evangelical church in Sibiu county, B. piece of sycamore maple from resistance structure of an orthodox wooden church, C. piece of fir from resistance structure of an orthodox wooden church in Dretea, Cluj county, which was build in 1690, painted in 1770 and now is rebuild at “Astra” Traditional Civilization Museum in Sibiu. Treatment The consolidation of the studied samples was carried out using a standard resin of styrene-unsaturated polyester type tetrahydrophtalic. The samples were treated at the irradiation facility of Regional Conservation Workshop Nucléart (ARC-Nucléart), using a gamma source of Co-60. The irradiation was done at room temperature in open air. The delivered mean irradiation dose was about 24 kGy, enough to disinfect the samples from insects and moulds, and consolidate them through polymerization of the resin. The irradiation dose rate was set up as to not exceed a polymerization temperature of 50-60°C. After treatment, different properties of the impregnated samples were assessed in order to prove that the gamma irradiation process brings a real improvement in wood condition, in terms of disinfection and structure consolidation. Characterization and testing First were assessed the biodeterioration factors (insects and moulds) and their effects. Using a photo camera and a stereomicroscope, were taken pictures before and after treatment and assessed the biodeterioration factors (insects and moulds) and their effects on wooden samples. Samples were also weighed before and after consolidation treatment. A HunterLab Miniscan XE Plus portable spectrophotometer has been used for colour measurements. The geometry of measurement is d/8° with a view area of 6 mm in diameter, specular component is included, combination illuminant - standard observer is D65/10°. All values are <strong>report</strong>ed in CIELAB and CIELCh colour spaces. Every value is obtained averaging 30 measurements. Mechanical testing has been carried out using Zwick / Roell equipments. For dynamical test (impact test) has been used a Zwick / Roell Pendulum model 5113. The test parameters were: pendulum of 25 J, Charpy impact test, distance between sample holders 35 mm, impact speed 3.85 m/s and angle of pendulum launching 160°. Through Charpy impact test has been measured the impact energy E (J). For statically tests (penetration and bending) it has been used a Zwick / Roell Universal Testing Device model Z005. The penetration test has measured the force F (N) necessary to push 1 mm in the sample a metallic ball of 6 mm diameter. The bending test has measured the bending tensile strength σ (MPa) necessary to bend 2 mm a sample. The distance between sample holders was 60 mm. For electron spin resonance (ESR) testing was used a Magnettech Miniscan MS200 X band spectrometer. The measurement parameters were: Microwave radiation – 9,3-9,6 GHz, Power – 0.8 mW, Centre field – 335 mT, Sweep width – 15 mT, Modulation amplitude – 0.5 mT, Sweep time – 60 s, Steps – 4096, Pass number – 5, Temperature – room temperature. Gain varied according to the signal intensity of the measured sample. A single signal (gsymm=2,004) is observed in the ESR spectra of all samples containing cellulose, including unirradiated samples. In the case of irradiated samples, the intensity of this signal is usually much greater. The intensity of signal is proportional with the quantity of cellulose free radicals present in the sample. 82
3. Results and discussion WOOD SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE Fig. 1. Pictures of samples for biodeterioration assessment and consolidation evaluation 83
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Proceedings e report 67
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Wood science for conservation of cu
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SUMMARY Introduction ..............
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WOOD SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION OF CU
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INTRODUCTION These proceedings of a
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(A) MATERIAL PROPERTIES
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SORPTION OF MOISTURE AND DIMENSIONA
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VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES OF TROPICAL
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CREEP PROPERTIES OF HEAT TREATED WO
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MEASUREMENT OF THE ELASTIC PROPERTI
Page 36 and 37: ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF MINUTE SAMPLE
Page 38 and 39: 4. Results Young's modulus (10^4 Mp
Page 40 and 41: PREDICTION OF LINEAR DIMENSIONAL CH
Page 42 and 43: DIMENSIONAL CHANGE OF UNRESTRICTED
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Page 46 and 47: AGEING OF WOOD - DESCRIBED BY THE A
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Page 54 and 55: 4. Application HYGRO-LOCK INTEGRATI
Page 56 and 57: RESEARCH ON THE AGING OF WOOD IN RI
Page 58 and 59: RESEARCH ON THE AGING OF WOOD IN RI
Page 60 and 61: Xylarium Database RESEARCH ON THE A
Page 62 and 63: AGING WOOD FROM CULTURAL PROPERTIES
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Page 66 and 67: STRENGTH AND MOE OF POPLAR WOOD (PO
Page 68 and 69: STRENGTH AND MOE OF POPLAR WOOD ACR
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Page 72 and 73: PHOTODEGRADATION AND THERMAL DEGRAD
Page 79 and 80: ROMANIAN WOODEN CHURCHES WALL PAINT
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Page 85: DISINFECTION AND CONSOLIDATION BY I
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Page 115 and 116: STUDIES ON INSECT DAMAGES OF WOODEN
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Page 127 and 128: BIODETERIORATION OF CULTURAL HERITA
Page 131 and 132: 4. Causes of biodeterioration WOOD
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MOULD ON ORGANS AND CULTURAL HERITA
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RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF TH
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4. Methodology WOOD SCIENCE FOR CON
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NON DESTRUCTIVE IMAGING FOR WOOD ID
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METHODS OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE WOOD TES
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MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION OF DIMEN
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IN THE HEART OF THE LIMBA TREE (TER
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3. Conclusions WOOD SCIENCE FOR CON
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2. Materials and methods WOOD SCIEN
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3. Chemometrics WOOD SCIENCE FOR CO
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3. Results and discussion WOOD SCIE
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NIR SPECTROSCOPIC MONITORING OF WAT
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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE STRENGT
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3. Methods and models WOOD SCIENCE
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SIMPLE ELECTRONIC SPECKLE PATTERN I
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5. Conclusions WOOD SCIENCE FOR CON
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Average r adiated presure field (dB
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EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL MECHANIC
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EFFECT OF THERMAL TREATMENT ON STRU
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The aims of this work are to: WOOD
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ultramarine [bad] titanium white [m
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4. Conclusions chrome yellow WOOD S
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Fig. 7 - A soaked lamella clamped i
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(D) CONSERVATION
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EUROPEAN TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 346 -
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THE WRECK OF VROUW MARIA - CURRENT
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ROMANIAN ARCHITECTURAL WOODEN CULTU
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RESSURREIÇÃO DE CRISTO - PANEL FR
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ON 18 TH- AND 19 TH- CENTURY SACRIS
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ON 18TH- AND 19TH- CENTURY SACRISTY
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DEFIBRING OF HISTORICAL ROOF BEAM C
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EXAMINATION AND CONSERVATION OF TWO
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EXAMINATION AND CONSERVATION OF TWO
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THE CONSEQUENCES OF WOODEN STRUCTUR
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CONSEQUENCES OF WOODEN STRUCTURES C
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WHAT ONE NEEDS TO KNOW FOR THE ASSE
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load (KN) Samples 6 5 4 3 2 1 WOOD
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STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF TRADITIONAL
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INVESTIGATION ON THE UTILIZATION OF
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3. Results and discussions WOOD SCI
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Abadlia ......................... 3
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ANNEX 1: FACTS ABOUT COST ACTION IE
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Keynote presentations WOOD SCIENCE
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