Proceedings e report - Firenze University Press

WOODEN LOAD BEARING STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF KULA TRADITIONAL HOUSES
3.2. Deformation factors of Zabunlar and Göldeliler house
Deformation factors of the timber framed constructions are mostly the living organisms and rainwater
containing the surfaces. Water serves a variety of functions in the decay process. It is a reactant, a
swelling agent and a medium for diffusion of both degradative enzymes and wood degradation
products. Most organisms that degrade wood require moisture content. The primary durability hazard
with wood is biodeterioration. Wood in buildings is a potential food source for variety of fungi and
insects. Timber frame structures that are commonly used in Kula region has less moisture content due
to both the weather conditions of the settlement and the type of the wood that is found in the region.
The organisms that degrade Zabunlar and Göldeliler Houses are found only as “worms”.wood boring
beetles Due to the moisture levels being low, an occurant type of fungal organisms had not been found
attacking the pine wood structural elements used in the houses.
The rainwater is removed from the structure easily by the help of long eaves surrounding the
buildings. These eaves are 80-100 cm long timber elements. Rain penetration control is sustained by
these long eaves, minimizing the amount of water containing the building surfaces. .
When both buildings are observed structurally, it can be seen that Zabunlar House had corner cracking
especially at openings, wall deformation, deformation of walls along the wooden beams and
separation of walls from the beams, roof separation from wall, partial collapse in the structural system.
Göldeliler House has beter structural conditions, less structural deformations than Zabunlar House.
4. Conclusion -renovation works of the cases
These two houses dated to same period and constructed about mid 19 th century. The timber structures
were about 200 years old. The deteriorations that happened within the wood structure were caused
mainly of wood boring beetles Now that the territory had no humidity problems, the pine structural
elements did not suffer from Fungi attacks. Now that the territory was not situated within a seismic
zone, the wooden structure did not suffer from the tensional earthquake stress as well.
The habitants of Zabunlar House left the building earlier than Göldeliler House, so periodically
renovations can not be applied to the building as it happened in Göldeliler House. As a matter of fact;
firstly some structural deformations started to occur on the roof structure of Zabunlar House, by the
help of the water coming from the top the building these deformations installed within the timber
frame structure elements and masonry wall with mortar. The corners of the structure cracked
especially from the openings, the masonry wall separated from the wooden structure, the building
partially collapsed. In this case in order to stabilize the masonry building and the timber structure, the
timber structure was all taken, and replaced with the new timber elements, and tied to the masonry
which is conserved in situ. The restoration process of Zabunlar House is done with reconstruction
technique. The north façade of the building-the load bearing masonry wall is protected because it
needed no interventions, but the whole timber structure (pine joists, studs, secondary beam elements
etc.) is displaced with new pine elements.
Göldeliler House is in better condition, the structure is well-preserved. The roof is partially damaged,
so the roof elements are replaced with the news, so little amount of them preserved in situ. The first
and the second floor slab elements are in good condition as well, there is no fungal or wood boring
beetlesttacks either but a high rate of deflection is obtained in the slabs, so in order to fix it, all the
slabs were removed and replaced with new pine elements. The other structural elements studs, joists,
beams etc. are mostly preserved in situ and the ones which have deformations, and biodeteriotions are
replaced.
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