LilyPond Beginnershandleiding

Hoofdstuk 3: Fundamentele concepten 48
{ .. } Encloses a sequential segment of music
< .. > Encloses the notes of a chord
> Encloses simultaneous music expressions
( .. ) Marks the start and end of a slur
\( .. \) Marks the start and end of a phrasing slur
[ .. ] Marks the start and end of a manual beam
To these we should add other constructs which generate lines between or across notes:
ties (marked by a tilde, ~), tuplets written as \times x/y {..}, and grace notes written as
\grace{..}.
Outside LilyPond, the conventional use of brackets requires the different types to be properly
nested, like this, >, with the closing brackets being encountered in exactly
the opposite order to the opening brackets. This is a requirement for the three types of bracket
described by the word ‘Encloses’ in the table above – they must nest properly. However, the
remaining bracket-like constructs, described with the word ‘Marks’ in the table above together
with ties and tuplets, do not have to nest properly with any of the brackets or bracket-like
constructs. In fact, these are not brackets in the sense that they enclose something – they are
simply markers to indicate where something starts and ends.
So, for example, a phrasing slur can start before a manually inserted beam and end before
the end of the beam – not very musical, perhaps, but possible:
g8\( a b[ c b\) a] g4
In general, different kinds of brackets, bracket-like constructs, and those implied by tuplets,
ties and grace notes, may be mixed freely. This example shows a beam extending into a tuplet
(line 1), a slur extending into a tuplet (line 2), a beam and a slur extending into a tuplet, a tie
crossing two tuplets, and a phrasing slur extending out of a tuplet (lines 3 and 4).
r16[ g \tuplet 3/2 { r16 e'8] }
g,16( a \tuplet 3/2 { b16 d) e }
g,8[( a \tuplet 3/2 { b8 d) e~] } |
\tuplet 5/4 { e32\( a, b d e } a4.\)
2
3 3 3
3.2 Voices contain music
5
Singers need voices to sing, and so does LilyPond. The actual music for all instruments in a
score is contained in Voices – the most fundamental of all LilyPond’s concepts.