LilyPond Beginnershandleiding

Hoofdstuk 3: Fundamentele concepten 86
3.4.5 Scores and parts
In orchestral music, all notes are printed twice. Once in a part for the musicians, and once in a
full score for the conductor. Variables can be used to avoid double work. The music is entered
once, and stored in a variable. The contents of that variable is then used to generate both the
part and the full score.
It is convenient to define the notes in a special file. For example, suppose that the file
‘horn-music.ly’ contains the following part of a horn/bassoon duo
hornNotes = \relative c {
\time 2/4
r4 f8 a | cis4 f | e4 d |
}
Then, an individual part is made by putting the following in a file
\include "horn-music.ly"
\header {
instrument = "Horn in F"
}
{
\transpose f c' \hornNotes
}
The line
\include "horn-music.ly"
substitutes the contents of ‘horn-music.ly’ at this position in the file, so hornNotes is defined
afterwards. The command \transpose f c' indicates that the argument, being \hornNotes,
should be transposed by a fifth upwards. Sounding f is denoted by notated c', which corresponds
with the tuning of a normal French Horn in F. The transposition can be seen in the following
output
4
2
In ensemble pieces, one of the voices often does not play for many measures. This is denoted
by a special rest, the multi-measure rest. It is entered with a capital R followed by a duration
(1 for a whole note, 2 for a half note, etc.). By multiplying the duration, longer rests can be
constructed. For example, this rest takes 3 measures in 2/4 time
R2*3
When printing the part, multi-rests must be condensed. This is done by setting a run-time
variable
\set Score.skipBars = ##t
This command sets the property skipBars in the Score context to true (##t). Prepending the
rest and this option to the music above, leads to the following result
4 2
3
The score is made by combining all of the music together. Assuming that the other voice is
in bassoonNotes in the file ‘bassoon-music.ly’, a score is made with