concept EIA-rapport - Staatsolie

SRK Consulting: Project No: 439414 Staatsolie Pipeline EIA – Draft EIA Report Page 24
Although a comprehensive inventory of air quality and emissions in the study area is not
available, pollutants emitted by the existing refinery and the SPCS power plant were estimated
as part of the Staatsolie Refinery Expansion EIA (SRK, 2010) and are provided in Table 4-3.
Table 4-3: Calculated emission rates for the existing refinery and the SPCS power plant
Pollutant Emission rate (tonne per annum)*
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 656
Oxides of nitrogen (NOX) 197
Particulate matter (PM10) 41.1
Carbon monoxide (CO) 33.8
VOC 219
Benzene 0.29
Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) 2.2
*Assuming continuous operation of the 14MW power plant.
Source: Airshed Planning Professionals (2009)
Estimated concentrations did not constitute any exceedances of relevant international
standards. The inference is that air quality in the vicinity of the refinery at the southern extent
of the study area is acceptable and not likely to impair human health.
4.1.2 Geology and geomorphology
6 7
4.1.2.1 Geology
Most of Suriname forms part of the Precambrian Guiana Shield, the deeply weathered,
rainforest-covered area stretching from the Amazon River in Brazil to the Orinoco River in
Venezuela. It is referred to as a ‘shield’ area because it is rigid and geologically stable. The
crystalline basement of this shield was formed during the Trans-Amazonian Orogenic Cycle
from around 2 000 to 1 800 million years ago. It predominantly consists of igneous and
metamorphic rocks.
Deposition of sediments to the north of the Guiana Shield, forming Suriname’s coastal plain,
started with the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. The oldest sediments date from the Late
Cretaceous and the youngest from the Holocene. The sediments are known as the Corantijn
Group. This Group consists of a monoclinal 8 northern dipping (±1⁰) section of predominantly
clastic 9 sediments. Figure 4-2 shows a south-north section of the coastal plain near
Paramaribo with the stratigraphy and the landscapes.
Only part of the sediments in northern Suriname crop out; these were deposited during three
distinct periods:
• Late Tertiary (Pliocene): Zanderij Formation;
• Mid-Late Pleistocene: Coropina Formation; and
• Holocene: Mara and Coronie Formations (Mara Formation not indicated in Figure 4-2).
6 The information in this section was provided by Dirk Noordam for this EIA.
7 The geological description is completely based on existing sources. The sources used are the compilations made
by Bosma et al. (1984) and Wong et al. (1998), as well as the 1:500,000 Geological Map (Bosma et al. 1977). For
the description of geohydrology, use has been made of the compilation by Groen (1998).
8 A monocline is a step-like fold in rock strata consisting of a zone of steeper dip within an otherwise horizontal or
gently-dipping sequence.
9 Composed of fragments of pre-existing rock that have been transported some distance from their points of origin
REUT/DALC 439414_StaatsoliePipelineEIA_Draft EIA Report_Final
June 2012