On-Site Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems - Forced ...

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Page 2 and 3:
DE SIGN MANUAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
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FOREWORD Rural and suburban communi
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Chapter CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ACKN
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Number FIGURES Wastewater Managemen
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FIGURES Number Page ne Saturator Sa
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FIGURES Number Page Use of Metal Ho
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Number TABLES Selection of Disposal
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Number TABLES (continued) Operati o
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TABLES (continued) Number Page of D
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In many areas, onsite systems have
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 STRATEGY
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subsurface soil absorption is the p
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features of the site (See 3.3.1 and
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2.2.2 System Selection With the pot
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2.2.4 Onsite System Management Past
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determined largely by the physical
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16 - I ,
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Step Client Contact Preliminary Eva
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FIGURE 3-2 EXAMPLE OF A PORTION OF
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Property USDA Texture Flooding Dept
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TABLE 3-3 SOIL SURVEY REPORT INFORM
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found for a subsurface soil absorpt
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Instrument Supported - Abney Level:
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FIGURE 3-8 PREPARATION OF SOIL SAMP
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Sandy Loam + _. ,i . L Silt Loam Cl
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Depth (Ft.) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Text
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Grade Structureless Weak Moderate S
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Excavated Soil Material (Tamped in
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If test results agree with this tab
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Percolation test FIGURE 3-15 PERCOL
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mm..--- - --- FIGURE 3-16 COMPILATI
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FIGURE 3-16 (continued) 0 Texture S
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13. Winneberger, J. T. Correlation
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is the overall socioeconomic status
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FIGURE 4-l FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION F
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extreme, however, minimum and maxim
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4i2.2.2 Individual Activity Contrib
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and the resultant wastewater charac
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TABLE 4-7 TYPICAL WASTEWATER FLOWS
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TABLE 4-9 FIXTURE-UNITS PER FIXTURE
Page 83 and 84: 4.3.2 Wastewater Quality The qualit
Page 85 and 86: * FIGURE 4-3 STRATEGY FOR PREDICTIN
Page 87 and 88: 12. Witt, M. Water Use in Rural Hom
Page 89 and 90: 5.2 Water Conservation and Wastewat
Page 91 and 92: 5.2.2 Water-Saving Devices, Fixture
Page 93 and 94: TABLE 5-2 (continued) Total Flo Red
Page 95 and 96: Generic Typea Description Pit Privy
Page 97 and 98: TABLE 5-4 WASTEWATER FLOW REDUCTION
Page 99 and 100: 5.2.2.3 Clotheswashing Devices and
Page 101 and 102: Generic Typea Description Mixing Va
Page 103 and 104: TABLE 5-6 WASTEWATER FLOW REDUCTION
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 5-7 EXAMPLE POLLUTANT MASS RE
Page 107 and 108: FIGURE 5-l EXAMPLE STRATEGIES FOR M
Page 109 and 110: In most situations, projections of
Page 111 and 112: FIGURE 5-3 FLOW REDUCTION EFFECTS O
Page 113 and 114: 5.7 References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Page 115 and 116: 6.1 Introduction CHAPTER 6 ONSITE T
Page 117 and 118: l SauJUOdtUo3 lesodsip pue JuJmeJJa
Page 119 and 120: l ALJadoJd aeo 14 JO a[aaas aou Kel
Page 122 and 123: ‘($3) %gg 40 uo~a3npaJ e (3as/w t
Page 124 and 125: l salpnqs asaq 49 s3 LnsaJ ayq saz!
Page 126 and 127: hei!ues I I i I 1 I PCm I b j- I. -
Page 128 and 129: : apn L3u k suo!qeJap csuo3 Jaq30
Page 130 and 131: *an LeA a Lqeuoha -sanb 40 JJe pue
Page 132 and 133: (01) NOIlV3IlddV MO7 39tiVl llOzi 1
Page 136 and 137: l 3n aqq Kq pazkJa23eJeq3 sh q3LqM
Page 138: .aJn7eJal k L aqq u k pays k Lqeasa
Page 141 and 142: 9-9 37flVl pSil3111~ lN311IbWl1NI 3
Page 143 and 144: l paq aqq 40 aDe4Jns aACleJaLi4u .L
Page 145 and 146: ‘8 Jaad&?ys ul pun04 aJle suoyd!s
Page 148 and 149: l Ja$lk4 ay3 ukqq!M JaaewaaseM 40 u
Page 150 and 151: ‘SU !PJpJapun paaeJo4Jad JO aukoF
Page 152 and 153: P- &JLXLJ~e~Jl~Jd UJOJj C . - A 1a~
Page 154 and 155: a3ueua2ukew pue uobJeJad0 8.E.g LeJ
Page 156 and 157: sameualJnddv axanbas Jau il SLOJ7.t
Page 158 and 159: eJJaakJ3 u6isaa Z’6’E’g *asop
Page 160 and 161: 318QaQEi33aNON 01-9 3msu simaotld N
Page 162 and 163: SNOIlQ~tl9I~N03 1NQld 39QI3Qd NOIlQ
Page 164 and 165: El-9 31av1 S3ItX-US 01313 1INt-l 31
Page 166 and 167: d. Method of Aeration Oxygen is tra
Page 168 and 169: contain electrical components, they
Page 170 and 171: control that results in power savin
Page 172 and 173: TABLE 6-16 OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS--EX
Page 174 and 175: I TRICKLING FILTFR FIGURE 6-12 EXAM
Page 176 and 177: presents suggested design ranges fo
Page 178 and 179: Item Media Tank Aeration System RBC
Page 180 and 181: Observation Filter Ponding Filter F
Page 182 and 183: TABLE.6-21 HALOGEN PROPERTIES (27)
Page 184 and 185:
The use of chlorine as a disinfecta
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HOC1 , would predominate. It is cle
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6.5.2.5 Construction Features a. Fe
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e Wastewater FIGURE 6-14 IODINE SAT
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(experience with some units indicat
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directing flow through and around t
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FIGURE 6-17 TYPICAL UV STERILIZING
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Shigella TABLE 6-25 UV DOSAGE FOR S
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Cleaning of quartz glass enclosures
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the bubble diffuser units to lo-30
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TABLE 6-26 POTENTIAL ONSITE NITROGE
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Nitrification of septic tank efflue
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Influe? Effluent 0 Tank Denitrifica
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solution. It can be used to remove
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TABLE 6-27 POTENTIAL ONSITE PHOSPHO
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Anionic polyelectrolytes can be use
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component of the onsite treatment s
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7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16
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30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
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58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66.
Page 224 and 225:
7.1 Introduction CHAPTER 7 DISPOSAL
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7.2.1.2 System Selection The type o
Page 228 and 229:
Distribution FIGURE 7-2 TYPICAL BED
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TABLE 7-l SITE CRITERIA FOR TRENCH
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TABLE 7-2 RECOMMENDED RATES OF WAST
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can slough off the sidewall. These
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FIGURE 7-3 ALTERNATING TRENCH SYSTE
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FIGURE 7-4 PROVISION OF A RESERVE A
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FIGURE 7-5 TRENCH SYSTEM INSTALLED
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TABLE 7-4 DOSING FREQUENCIES FOR VA
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The depth of the porous media may v
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Distr Pipe, FIGURE 7-6 TYPICAL INSP
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against freezing and to stabilize .
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Pertodic Deternvne Cause u O&loadin
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oils, and greases, can cause failur
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4" Inspection Pip FIGURE 7-9 SEEPAG
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The same guidelines used in locatin
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Straw, Hay or Fabric? FIGURE 7-10 T
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I tern Landscape Position Slope Typ
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The acceptable depth to an impermea
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FIGURE 7-12 PROPER ORIENTATION OF A
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Mound Height TABLE 7-9 DIMENSIONS F
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Example 7.1: Calculation of Mound D
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1.0 + 1.4 = - t 0.75 + 1.5 1 [ = (3
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. Fill Placement Step 1: Place the
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7.2.4.6 Considerations for Multi-Ho
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7.2.5.2 Application a. Site Conside
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7.2.6 Artificially Drained Systems
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---- FIGURE 7-17 UNDERDRAINS USED T
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periods, particularly on level site
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TABLE 7-11 DRAINAGE METHODS FOR VAR
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high water table elevation. To prev
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FIGURE 7-18 TYPICAL ELECTRO-OSMOSIS
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7.2.8.1 Design a. Single Line . Sin
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Inlet From Pretreatment or Previous
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watertight Pipe & Joints1 FIGURE 7-
Page 296 and 297:
ox networks (see Figure 7-23). Howe
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280 s P 4
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FIGURE 7-26 LATERAL DETAIL - TEE TO
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To simplify the design of small pre
Page 304 and 305:
FIGURE 7-29 RECOMMENDED MANIFOLD DI
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Step 3: Select lateral diameter. Fo
Page 308 and 309:
Step 8: Select proper pump or sipho
Page 310 and 311:
Friction loss in 25 ft 2. Velocity
Page 312 and 313:
FIGURE 7-32 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FO
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In summary, the final network desig
Page 316 and 317:
7.2.8.3 Construction FIGURE 7-33 SC
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Since the network is pressurized, s
Page 320 and 321:
FIGURE 7-35 CROSS SECTION OF TYPICA
Page 322 and 323:
The capillary rise characteristic o
Page 324 and 325:
The hydraulic loading rate is deter
Page 326 and 327:
during the critical months of the y
Page 328 and 329:
7.3.3 Evaporation and Evaporation/I
Page 330 and 331:
FIGURE 7-37 TYPICAL EVAPORATION/INF
Page 332 and 333:
October November December January F
Page 334 and 335:
7.3.3.7 Seasonal, Multifamily, and
Page 336 and 337:
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Page 338 and 339:
38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
Page 340 and 341:
The grease traps discussed here are
Page 342 and 343:
Type of Fixture Restaurant kitchen
Page 344 and 345:
Removable Slab Inlet --CL Tee with
Page 346 and 347:
- 8.3.3 Factors Affecting Performan
Page 348 and 349:
The pumping head is calculated by a
Page 350 and 351:
liquid level drops, the weights los
Page 352 and 353:
8.3.5 Construction The tank must be
Page 354 and 355:
Hori FIGURE 8-6 TOP VIEW OF DIVERSI
Page 356 and 357:
9.1 Introduction CHAPTER 9 RESIDUAL
Page 358 and 359:
Parameter TABLE 9-2 CHARACTERISTICS
Page 360 and 361:
Parameter Total Coliform Fecal Coli
Page 362 and 363:
9.4.1 Land Disposal Four methods ca
Page 364 and 365:
TABLE 9-4 (continued) Alternative D
Page 366 and 367:
W z Process Lagooning (1)(13)(14) (
Page 368 and 369:
Process Description Liouid Stream S
Page 370 and 371:
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
Page 372 and 373:
Some of the techniques discussed ma
Page 374 and 375:
10.3.1 State Agencies Except for th
Page 376 and 377:
10.3.4.1 Private Nonprofit Institut
Page 378 and 379:
10.4.1.1 Standards for Site Suitabi
Page 380 and 381:
Scope of Activities Perform inspect
Page 382 and 383:
Scope of Activities Perform necessa
Page 384 and 385:
10.4.4.1 Inspections Inspections co
Page 386 and 387:
SYSTEM 1. U.S. Bureau of Reclam$t~o
Page 388 and 389:
FIGURE A-2 TEXTURAL TRIANGLE DEFINI
Page 390 and 391:
Class Platelike. with one dimension
Page 392 and 393:
saturation may be necessary to conf
Page 394 and 395:
the porosity of soils containing mo
Page 396 and 397:
FIGURE A-5 SOIL MOISTURE RETENTION
Page 398 and 399:
A.3.3 Flow of Water Through Layered
Page 400 and 401:
GLOSSARY A horizon: The horizon for
Page 402 and 403:
following chemical flocculation; wi
Page 404 and 405:
floodway: A channel built to carry
Page 406 and 407:
ped: A unit of soil structure such
Page 408 and 409:
solids: Material in the solid state
Page 410 and 411:
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA (Please read
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