On-Site Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems - Forced ...

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DE SIGN MANUAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
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FOREWORD Rural and suburban communi
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Chapter CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ACKN
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Number FIGURES Wastewater Managemen
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FIGURES Number Page ne Saturator Sa
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FIGURES Number Page Use of Metal Ho
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Number TABLES Selection of Disposal
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Number TABLES (continued) Operati o
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TABLES (continued) Number Page of D
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In many areas, onsite systems have
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 STRATEGY
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subsurface soil absorption is the p
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features of the site (See 3.3.1 and
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2.2.2 System Selection With the pot
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2.2.4 Onsite System Management Past
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determined largely by the physical
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16 - I ,
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Step Client Contact Preliminary Eva
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FIGURE 3-2 EXAMPLE OF A PORTION OF
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Property USDA Texture Flooding Dept
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TABLE 3-3 SOIL SURVEY REPORT INFORM
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found for a subsurface soil absorpt
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Instrument Supported - Abney Level:
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FIGURE 3-8 PREPARATION OF SOIL SAMP
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Sandy Loam + _. ,i . L Silt Loam Cl
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Depth (Ft.) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Text
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Grade Structureless Weak Moderate S
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Excavated Soil Material (Tamped in
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If test results agree with this tab
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Percolation test FIGURE 3-15 PERCOL
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mm..--- - --- FIGURE 3-16 COMPILATI
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FIGURE 3-16 (continued) 0 Texture S
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13. Winneberger, J. T. Correlation
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is the overall socioeconomic status
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FIGURE 4-l FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION F
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extreme, however, minimum and maxim
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4i2.2.2 Individual Activity Contrib
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and the resultant wastewater charac
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TABLE 4-7 TYPICAL WASTEWATER FLOWS
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TABLE 4-9 FIXTURE-UNITS PER FIXTURE
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4.3.2 Wastewater Quality The qualit
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* FIGURE 4-3 STRATEGY FOR PREDICTIN
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12. Witt, M. Water Use in Rural Hom
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5.2 Water Conservation and Wastewat
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5.2.2 Water-Saving Devices, Fixture
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TABLE 5-2 (continued) Total Flo Red
Page 95 and 96: Generic Typea Description Pit Privy
Page 97 and 98: TABLE 5-4 WASTEWATER FLOW REDUCTION
Page 99 and 100: 5.2.2.3 Clotheswashing Devices and
Page 101 and 102: Generic Typea Description Mixing Va
Page 103 and 104: TABLE 5-6 WASTEWATER FLOW REDUCTION
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 5-7 EXAMPLE POLLUTANT MASS RE
Page 107 and 108: FIGURE 5-l EXAMPLE STRATEGIES FOR M
Page 109 and 110: In most situations, projections of
Page 111 and 112: FIGURE 5-3 FLOW REDUCTION EFFECTS O
Page 113 and 114: 5.7 References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Page 115 and 116: 6.1 Introduction CHAPTER 6 ONSITE T
Page 117 and 118: l SauJUOdtUo3 lesodsip pue JuJmeJJa
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Page 122 and 123: ‘($3) %gg 40 uo~a3npaJ e (3as/w t
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Page 145: ‘8 Jaad&?ys ul pun04 aJle suoyd!s
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Page 161 and 162: l sassa3oJd asayq yq CM awa4Jadxa p
Page 163 and 164: l a3uewJo4Jad Jood 40 S$JOdaJ JO4 u
Page 165 and 166: phosphorus are normally less than 2
Page 167 and 168: have also been employed in some uni
Page 169 and 170: MLSS, mg/l TABLE 6-14 TYPICAL OPERA
Page 171 and 172: I tern Aeration Tank Aeration Syste
Page 173 and 174: for larger, centralized systems can
Page 175 and 176: In an upflow filter, wastewater flo
Page 177 and 178: 6.4.3.5 Construction Features Very
Page 179 and 180: analytical services are required to
Page 181 and 182: Table 6-20 presents a listing of po
Page 183 and 184: TABLE 6-22 CHLORINE DEMAND OF SELEC
Page 185 and 186: TABLE 6-23 PERFORMANCE OF HALOGENS
Page 187 and 188: The sizing of halogen feed systems
Page 189 and 190: Water Inlet FeedTubes FIGURE 6-13 S
Page 191 and 192: and iodine crystals. Pretreated was
Page 193 and 194: It i s estimated that tablet feed c
Page 195 and 196: FIGURE 6-16 TYPICAL UV DISINFECTION
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whe e T is the draction cm' I: at 2
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6.5.3.5 Construction Features Comme
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widespread use to date has been the
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The treatment objective for nitroge
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of about 0.004 lb/cap/day (1.9 mg/c
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which conve.rt nitrate to nitrogen
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effluent samples during summer mont
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on long-term performance of these n
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6.6.3.3 Chemical Precipitation Phos
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and electronic or mechanical contro
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Residuals resulting from the treatm
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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
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43. Chang, S. L. Modern Concept of
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69. Beulow; R. W., K. L. Kropp, 3.
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7.2 Subsurface Soil Absorption 7.2.
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FIGURE 7-l TYPICAL TRENCH SYSTEM 20
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7.2.2.2 Application Site criteria f
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Layering Unsaturated Depth Percolat
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Conventional trench or bed designs
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hydraulic gradient across the infil
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deep trenches with a greater depth
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wastewater through the aggregate, e
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across the clogging mat, which can
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TABLE 7-5 METHODS OF WASTEWATER APP
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7.2.2.4 Construction A frequent cau
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Soils with high clay contents (grea
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little value for the proper functio
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water tables (see Chapter 3). Corre
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area (19). This design allows flexi
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Table 7-6 can be used to determine
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7.2.3.5 Maintenance A well-designed
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Id FIGURE 7-11 DETAILED SCHEMATIC O
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Depth to Impermeable Barrier Percol
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Fill Material Characteristicsa Medi
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Straw or Marsh Hay, Medium Sand Fil
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the top soil. It is only in the mor
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Bed Dimensions: A = 6 ft B = 65 ft
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Step 7: ,Design Effluent Distributi
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tolerant, as the upper portion of t
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7.2.5 Fill Systems 7.2.5.1 Descript
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If a perched water table condition
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Perchc Wate Curtain Drain- FIGURE 7
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Where the soil is permeable, underd
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Groundwater, Elevation and Gradient
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The size of the drain is dependent
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0.7- to 1.3Avolt potential (29). Co
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TABLE 7-12 DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS FO
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Pretreatment Unit FIGURE 7-19 SINGL
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The liquid level in the trenches is
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Distribution Box A Firmly Supported
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FIGURE 7-23 RELIEF LINE DISTRIBUTIO
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FIGURE 7-25 END MANIFOLD DISTRIBUTI
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,Staggered Tees or Cross. FIGURE 7-
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FIGURE 7-28 REQUIRED LATERAL PIPE D
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FIGURE 7-30 NOMOGRAPH FOR DETERMINI
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289
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Flow gw 1 % 4 5 6 7 8 1: :: 13 14 1
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Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Ste
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Step 6: Determine minimum dose volu
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TABLE 7-15 PIPE MATERIALS FOR NONPR
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The rock is placed in the excavatio
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7.3.2 Evapotranspiration and Evapot
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equired. ET systems for summer home
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Data that,quantitatively describe p
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FIGURE 7-36 CURVE FOR ESTABLISHING
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4. Crushed stone or gravel placed a
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humidity, and the resulting net eva
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Design flow: Net evaporation per ye
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Other design features which are fre
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
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25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
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8.1 Introduction CHAPTER 8 APPURTEN
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8.2.4 Design Sizing of grease traps
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SC =. Storage capacity factor -- mi
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The inlet, outlet, and baffle fitti
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lnfluent -- --------_ --T----------
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FIGURE 8-3 LEVEL CONTROL SWITCHES a
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333
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8.4 Flow Diversion Methods for Alte
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8.4.2 Design Diversion boxes can be
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Residual Septage Sludge Sewage Blac
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Parameter Total Phosphorus Grease A
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Accumulation rates of residuals dif
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TABLE 9-4 LAND DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVE
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Sanitary landfills in the United St
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Process Composting (1) Anaerobic Di
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9.5 References 1. Bowker, R. P. G.,
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10.1 Introduction CHAPTER 10 MANAGE
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10.2.2 Authority Needed by Manageme
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these units have financial authorit
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Scope of Activities Perform all sit
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suited sites. As an alternative to
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10.4.3 Operation and Maintenance Tr
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10.4.3.3 Licensure/Registration To
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A.1 Introduction APPENDIX A SOIL PR
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Twelve textural classes are defined
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The form, size and stability of the
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their ability to absorb and treat w
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FIGURE A-3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A L
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FIGURE A-4 UPWA,RD MOVEMENT BY CAPI
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HYDRAULIC SOIL 1000 FIGURE A-6 COND
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A.5 References FIGURE A-7 SCHEMATIC
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iochemical oxygen demand (BOD): Mea
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crust: A surface layer on soils, ra
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mapping unit: A soil or combination
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layers in'physical, chemical, and b
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unsaturated flow: The movement of w
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EXAMPLES OF SOIL MOTTLING (EXAMPLES
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