On-Site Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems - Forced ...

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7.2.8.3 Construction FIGURE 7-33 SCHEMATIC OF A LEACHING CHAMBER Fresh Air Vent/ a. Gravity Network Pipe Placement To insure a free flow of wastewater, the distribution pipe should be laid level or on a grade of 1 in. to 2 in. per 100 ft (8.5 to 16.9 cm/100 m). To maintain a level or uniform slope, several construction techniques can be employed. In each case a tripod level or transit is used to obtain the proper grade elevations. Hand levels are not adequate. 298
The rock is placed in the excavation to the elevation of the pipe in- vert. The rock must be leveled by hand to establish the proper grade. Once the pipe is laid, more rock is carefully placed over the top of the pipe. Care must also be taken when flexible corrugated plastic pipe is used, because the pipe tends to "float" up as rock is placed over the top of the pipe. One method is to employ special holders which can be removed once all the rock is in place (see Figure 7-34). Metal Holder FIGURE 7-34 USE OF METAL HOLDERS FOR THE LAYING OF FLEXIBLE PLASTIC PIPE b. Pressure Network Pipe Placement Pressure distribution networks are usually fabricated at the construction site. This may include drilling holes in distribution laterals. The holes must be drilled on a straight line along the length of the pipe. This can be accomplished best by using l-in. by l-in. angle iron as a straight-edge to mark the pipe. The holes are then drilled at the proper spacing. Care must be used to drill the holes perpendicular to the pipe and not at an angle. All burrs left around the holes inside the pipe should be removed. This can be done by sliding a smaller diameter pipe or rod down the pipe to knock the burrs off. Solvent weld joints are used to assemble the network. The laterals are attached to the manifold such that the perforations lie at the bottom of the pipe. 299
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DE SIGN MANUAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
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FOREWORD Rural and suburban communi
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Chapter CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ACKN
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Number FIGURES Wastewater Managemen
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FIGURES Number Page ne Saturator Sa
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FIGURES Number Page Use of Metal Ho
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Number TABLES Selection of Disposal
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Number TABLES (continued) Operati o
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TABLES (continued) Number Page of D
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In many areas, onsite systems have
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 STRATEGY
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subsurface soil absorption is the p
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features of the site (See 3.3.1 and
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2.2.2 System Selection With the pot
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2.2.4 Onsite System Management Past
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determined largely by the physical
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16 - I ,
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Step Client Contact Preliminary Eva
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FIGURE 3-2 EXAMPLE OF A PORTION OF
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Property USDA Texture Flooding Dept
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TABLE 3-3 SOIL SURVEY REPORT INFORM
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found for a subsurface soil absorpt
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Instrument Supported - Abney Level:
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FIGURE 3-8 PREPARATION OF SOIL SAMP
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Sandy Loam + _. ,i . L Silt Loam Cl
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Depth (Ft.) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Text
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Grade Structureless Weak Moderate S
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Excavated Soil Material (Tamped in
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If test results agree with this tab
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Percolation test FIGURE 3-15 PERCOL
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mm..--- - --- FIGURE 3-16 COMPILATI
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FIGURE 3-16 (continued) 0 Texture S
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13. Winneberger, J. T. Correlation
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is the overall socioeconomic status
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FIGURE 4-l FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION F
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extreme, however, minimum and maxim
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4i2.2.2 Individual Activity Contrib
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and the resultant wastewater charac
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TABLE 4-7 TYPICAL WASTEWATER FLOWS
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TABLE 4-9 FIXTURE-UNITS PER FIXTURE
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4.3.2 Wastewater Quality The qualit
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* FIGURE 4-3 STRATEGY FOR PREDICTIN
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12. Witt, M. Water Use in Rural Hom
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5.2 Water Conservation and Wastewat
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5.2.2 Water-Saving Devices, Fixture
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TABLE 5-2 (continued) Total Flo Red
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Generic Typea Description Pit Privy
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TABLE 5-4 WASTEWATER FLOW REDUCTION
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5.2.2.3 Clotheswashing Devices and
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Generic Typea Description Mixing Va
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TABLE 5-6 WASTEWATER FLOW REDUCTION
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TABLE 5-7 EXAMPLE POLLUTANT MASS RE
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FIGURE 5-l EXAMPLE STRATEGIES FOR M
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In most situations, projections of
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FIGURE 5-3 FLOW REDUCTION EFFECTS O
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5.7 References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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6.1 Introduction CHAPTER 6 ONSITE T
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l SauJUOdtUo3 lesodsip pue JuJmeJJa
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.aJn7eJal k L aqq u k pays k Lqeasa
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‘8 Jaad&?ys ul pun04 aJle suoyd!s
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‘SU !PJpJapun paaeJo4Jad JO aukoF
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sameualJnddv axanbas Jau il SLOJ7.t
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eJJaakJ3 u6isaa Z’6’E’g *asop
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318QaQEi33aNON 01-9 3msu simaotld N
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SNOIlQ~tl9I~N03 1NQld 39QI3Qd NOIlQ
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El-9 31av1 S3ItX-US 01313 1INt-l 31
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d. Method of Aeration Oxygen is tra
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contain electrical components, they
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control that results in power savin
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TABLE 6-16 OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS--EX
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I TRICKLING FILTFR FIGURE 6-12 EXAM
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presents suggested design ranges fo
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Item Media Tank Aeration System RBC
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Observation Filter Ponding Filter F
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TABLE.6-21 HALOGEN PROPERTIES (27)
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The use of chlorine as a disinfecta
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HOC1 , would predominate. It is cle
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6.5.2.5 Construction Features a. Fe
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e Wastewater FIGURE 6-14 IODINE SAT
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(experience with some units indicat
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directing flow through and around t
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FIGURE 6-17 TYPICAL UV STERILIZING
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Shigella TABLE 6-25 UV DOSAGE FOR S
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Cleaning of quartz glass enclosures
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the bubble diffuser units to lo-30
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TABLE 6-26 POTENTIAL ONSITE NITROGE
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Nitrification of septic tank efflue
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Influe? Effluent 0 Tank Denitrifica
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solution. It can be used to remove
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TABLE 6-27 POTENTIAL ONSITE PHOSPHO
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Anionic polyelectrolytes can be use
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component of the onsite treatment s
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7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16
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30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
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58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66.
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7.1 Introduction CHAPTER 7 DISPOSAL
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7.2.1.2 System Selection The type o
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Distribution FIGURE 7-2 TYPICAL BED
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TABLE 7-l SITE CRITERIA FOR TRENCH
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TABLE 7-2 RECOMMENDED RATES OF WAST
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can slough off the sidewall. These
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FIGURE 7-3 ALTERNATING TRENCH SYSTE
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FIGURE 7-4 PROVISION OF A RESERVE A
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FIGURE 7-5 TRENCH SYSTEM INSTALLED
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TABLE 7-4 DOSING FREQUENCIES FOR VA
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The depth of the porous media may v
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Distr Pipe, FIGURE 7-6 TYPICAL INSP
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against freezing and to stabilize .
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Pertodic Deternvne Cause u O&loadin
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oils, and greases, can cause failur
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4" Inspection Pip FIGURE 7-9 SEEPAG
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The same guidelines used in locatin
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Straw, Hay or Fabric? FIGURE 7-10 T
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I tern Landscape Position Slope Typ
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The acceptable depth to an impermea
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FIGURE 7-12 PROPER ORIENTATION OF A
Page 266 and 267: Mound Height TABLE 7-9 DIMENSIONS F
Page 268 and 269: Example 7.1: Calculation of Mound D
Page 270 and 271: 1.0 + 1.4 = - t 0.75 + 1.5 1 [ = (3
Page 272 and 273: . Fill Placement Step 1: Place the
Page 274 and 275: 7.2.4.6 Considerations for Multi-Ho
Page 276 and 277: 7.2.5.2 Application a. Site Conside
Page 278 and 279: 7.2.6 Artificially Drained Systems
Page 280 and 281: ---- FIGURE 7-17 UNDERDRAINS USED T
Page 282 and 283: periods, particularly on level site
Page 284 and 285: TABLE 7-11 DRAINAGE METHODS FOR VAR
Page 286 and 287: high water table elevation. To prev
Page 288 and 289: FIGURE 7-18 TYPICAL ELECTRO-OSMOSIS
Page 290 and 291: 7.2.8.1 Design a. Single Line . Sin
Page 292 and 293: Inlet From Pretreatment or Previous
Page 294 and 295: watertight Pipe & Joints1 FIGURE 7-
Page 296 and 297: ox networks (see Figure 7-23). Howe
Page 298 and 299: 280 s P 4
Page 300 and 301: FIGURE 7-26 LATERAL DETAIL - TEE TO
Page 302 and 303: To simplify the design of small pre
Page 304 and 305: FIGURE 7-29 RECOMMENDED MANIFOLD DI
Page 306 and 307: Step 3: Select lateral diameter. Fo
Page 308 and 309: Step 8: Select proper pump or sipho
Page 310 and 311: Friction loss in 25 ft 2. Velocity
Page 312 and 313: FIGURE 7-32 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FO
Page 314 and 315: In summary, the final network desig
Page 318 and 319: Since the network is pressurized, s
Page 320 and 321: FIGURE 7-35 CROSS SECTION OF TYPICA
Page 322 and 323: The capillary rise characteristic o
Page 324 and 325: The hydraulic loading rate is deter
Page 326 and 327: during the critical months of the y
Page 328 and 329: 7.3.3 Evaporation and Evaporation/I
Page 330 and 331: FIGURE 7-37 TYPICAL EVAPORATION/INF
Page 332 and 333: October November December January F
Page 334 and 335: 7.3.3.7 Seasonal, Multifamily, and
Page 336 and 337: 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Page 338 and 339: 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
Page 340 and 341: The grease traps discussed here are
Page 342 and 343: Type of Fixture Restaurant kitchen
Page 344 and 345: Removable Slab Inlet --CL Tee with
Page 346 and 347: - 8.3.3 Factors Affecting Performan
Page 348 and 349: The pumping head is calculated by a
Page 350 and 351: liquid level drops, the weights los
Page 352 and 353: 8.3.5 Construction The tank must be
Page 354 and 355: Hori FIGURE 8-6 TOP VIEW OF DIVERSI
Page 356 and 357: 9.1 Introduction CHAPTER 9 RESIDUAL
Page 358 and 359: Parameter TABLE 9-2 CHARACTERISTICS
Page 360 and 361: Parameter Total Coliform Fecal Coli
Page 362 and 363: 9.4.1 Land Disposal Four methods ca
Page 364 and 365: TABLE 9-4 (continued) Alternative D
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W z Process Lagooning (1)(13)(14) (
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Process Description Liouid Stream S
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11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
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Some of the techniques discussed ma
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10.3.1 State Agencies Except for th
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10.3.4.1 Private Nonprofit Institut
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10.4.1.1 Standards for Site Suitabi
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Scope of Activities Perform inspect
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Scope of Activities Perform necessa
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10.4.4.1 Inspections Inspections co
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SYSTEM 1. U.S. Bureau of Reclam$t~o
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FIGURE A-2 TEXTURAL TRIANGLE DEFINI
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Class Platelike. with one dimension
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saturation may be necessary to conf
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the porosity of soils containing mo
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FIGURE A-5 SOIL MOISTURE RETENTION
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A.3.3 Flow of Water Through Layered
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GLOSSARY A horizon: The horizon for
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following chemical flocculation; wi
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floodway: A channel built to carry
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ped: A unit of soil structure such
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solids: Material in the solid state
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA (Please read
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