On-Site Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems - Forced ...

7.1 Introduction
CHAPTER 7
DISPOSAL METHODS
Under the proper conditions, wastewater may be safely disposed of onto
the land, into surface waters, or evaporated into the atmosphere by a
variety of methods. The most commonly used methods for disposal of
wastewater from single dwellings and small clusters of dwellings may be
divided into three groups: (1) subsurface soil absorption systems, (2)
evaporation systems, and (3) treatment systems that discharge to surface
waters. Within each of these groups, there are various designs that may
be selected based upon the site factors encountered and the characteris-
tics of the wastewater. In some cases, a site limitation may be over-
come by employing flow reduction or wastewater segregation devices (see
Chapter 6). Because of the broad range of possible alternatives, the
selection of the most appropriate design can be difficult. The site
factor versus system design matrix presented in Chapter 2 should be con-
sulted to aid in this selection.
Onsite disposal methods discussed in this chapter are:
1. Subsurface soil absorption systems
- trenches and beds
- seepage pits
- mounds
- fills
- artificially drained systems
- electro-osmosis
2. Evaporation systems
- evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration-absorption
- evaporation and evaporation-percolation ponds
3. Treatment systems that.discharge to surface waters
Performance data and design, construction, operation, and maintenance
information are provided for each of these methods.
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