On-Site Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems - Forced ...

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e Wastewater FIGURE 6-14 IODINE SATURATOR Tank 172 t Iodine Solution Iodine Crystals
and iodine crystals. Pretreated wastewater is split, and one stream is fed to the saturator. The dissolution of iodine is dependent upon water temperature, ranging from 200 to 400 mg/l (Table 6-21). The iodine solution from the saturator is subsequently blended with the wastewater stream, which is discharged to a contact chamber. Depending upon saturator size and dosage requirements, replenishment of iodine every 1 to 2 yr may be required (assumes a dosage of 50 mg/l for 750 l/day using a 0.2-cu-ft saturator). b. Contact Basin Successful disinfection depends upon the proper mixing and contact of the disinfectant with the wastewater. If good mixing is achieved, a contact time of 1 hour should be sufficient to achieve most onsite disinfection objectives when using doses presented in Table 6-24. Where flows are low (e.g., under 1,000 gal per day) (3,785 1 per day), contact basins may be plastic, fiberglass, or a length of concrete pipe placed vertically and outfitted with a concrete base (Figure 6-15). A 48-in. (122-cm) diameter concrete section would theoretically provide 6 hr of wastewater detention for an average flow of 200 gal per day (757 1 per day) if the water depth were only approximately 6 in. (15 cm). A 36-in. (91-cm) diameter pipe section provides 6 hr detention at approximately 12 in. (30 cm) of water depth for the same flow. Therefore, substanti- ally longer theoretical detention times than necessary for ideal mixing conditions are provided using 36- or 48-in. (91- or 122-cm) diameter pipe. This oversizing may be practically justified for onsite applications, with low flows, since good mixing may be difficult to achieve. Contact basins should be baffled in order to prevent serious short- circuitinq within the basin. One samole baffling arrangement is illus- trated in"Figure 6-15. 6.5.2.6 Operation and Mainten The disinfection system should be des maintenance requirements, yet insure operation and maintenance of premixed consists of replacing chemicals, adjust nce gned to minimize operation and reliable treatment. Routine liquid solution feed equipment ng feed rates, and maintaining the mechanical components. Tablet feed chlorination devices should require less frequent attention, although recent experience indicates that caking of hypochlorite tablets occurs due to the moisture in the chamber. Caking may result in insufficient dosing of chlorine, but may also produce excessive dosage due to cake deterioration and subsequent spillage into the wastewater stream. Dissolution of chlorine may also be erratic, requiring routine adjustment of tablet and liquid elevation 173
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DE SIGN MANUAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
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FOREWORD Rural and suburban communi
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Chapter CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ACKN
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Number FIGURES Wastewater Managemen
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FIGURES Number Page ne Saturator Sa
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FIGURES Number Page Use of Metal Ho
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Number TABLES Selection of Disposal
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Number TABLES (continued) Operati o
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TABLES (continued) Number Page of D
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In many areas, onsite systems have
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 STRATEGY
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subsurface soil absorption is the p
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features of the site (See 3.3.1 and
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2.2.2 System Selection With the pot
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2.2.4 Onsite System Management Past
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determined largely by the physical
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16 - I ,
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Step Client Contact Preliminary Eva
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FIGURE 3-2 EXAMPLE OF A PORTION OF
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Property USDA Texture Flooding Dept
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TABLE 3-3 SOIL SURVEY REPORT INFORM
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found for a subsurface soil absorpt
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Instrument Supported - Abney Level:
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FIGURE 3-8 PREPARATION OF SOIL SAMP
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Sandy Loam + _. ,i . L Silt Loam Cl
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Depth (Ft.) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Text
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Grade Structureless Weak Moderate S
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Excavated Soil Material (Tamped in
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If test results agree with this tab
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Percolation test FIGURE 3-15 PERCOL
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mm..--- - --- FIGURE 3-16 COMPILATI
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FIGURE 3-16 (continued) 0 Texture S
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13. Winneberger, J. T. Correlation
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is the overall socioeconomic status
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FIGURE 4-l FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION F
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extreme, however, minimum and maxim
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4i2.2.2 Individual Activity Contrib
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and the resultant wastewater charac
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TABLE 4-7 TYPICAL WASTEWATER FLOWS
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TABLE 4-9 FIXTURE-UNITS PER FIXTURE
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4.3.2 Wastewater Quality The qualit
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* FIGURE 4-3 STRATEGY FOR PREDICTIN
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12. Witt, M. Water Use in Rural Hom
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5.2 Water Conservation and Wastewat
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5.2.2 Water-Saving Devices, Fixture
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TABLE 5-2 (continued) Total Flo Red
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Generic Typea Description Pit Privy
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TABLE 5-4 WASTEWATER FLOW REDUCTION
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5.2.2.3 Clotheswashing Devices and
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Generic Typea Description Mixing Va
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TABLE 5-6 WASTEWATER FLOW REDUCTION
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TABLE 5-7 EXAMPLE POLLUTANT MASS RE
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FIGURE 5-l EXAMPLE STRATEGIES FOR M
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In most situations, projections of
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FIGURE 5-3 FLOW REDUCTION EFFECTS O
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5.7 References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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6.1 Introduction CHAPTER 6 ONSITE T
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l SauJUOdtUo3 lesodsip pue JuJmeJJa
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Page 143 and 144: l paq aqq 40 aDe4Jns aACleJaLi4u .L
Page 145 and 146: ‘8 Jaad&?ys ul pun04 aJle suoyd!s
Page 148 and 149: l Ja$lk4 ay3 ukqq!M JaaewaaseM 40 u
Page 150 and 151: ‘SU !PJpJapun paaeJo4Jad JO aukoF
Page 152 and 153: P- &JLXLJ~e~Jl~Jd UJOJj C . - A 1a~
Page 154 and 155: a3ueua2ukew pue uobJeJad0 8.E.g LeJ
Page 156 and 157: sameualJnddv axanbas Jau il SLOJ7.t
Page 158 and 159: eJJaakJ3 u6isaa Z’6’E’g *asop
Page 160 and 161: 318QaQEi33aNON 01-9 3msu simaotld N
Page 162 and 163: SNOIlQ~tl9I~N03 1NQld 39QI3Qd NOIlQ
Page 164 and 165: El-9 31av1 S3ItX-US 01313 1INt-l 31
Page 166 and 167: d. Method of Aeration Oxygen is tra
Page 168 and 169: contain electrical components, they
Page 170 and 171: control that results in power savin
Page 172 and 173: TABLE 6-16 OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS--EX
Page 174 and 175: I TRICKLING FILTFR FIGURE 6-12 EXAM
Page 176 and 177: presents suggested design ranges fo
Page 178 and 179: Item Media Tank Aeration System RBC
Page 180 and 181: Observation Filter Ponding Filter F
Page 182 and 183: TABLE.6-21 HALOGEN PROPERTIES (27)
Page 184 and 185: The use of chlorine as a disinfecta
Page 186 and 187: HOC1 , would predominate. It is cle
Page 188 and 189: 6.5.2.5 Construction Features a. Fe
Page 192 and 193: (experience with some units indicat
Page 194 and 195: directing flow through and around t
Page 196 and 197: FIGURE 6-17 TYPICAL UV STERILIZING
Page 198 and 199: Shigella TABLE 6-25 UV DOSAGE FOR S
Page 200 and 201: Cleaning of quartz glass enclosures
Page 202 and 203: the bubble diffuser units to lo-30
Page 204 and 205: TABLE 6-26 POTENTIAL ONSITE NITROGE
Page 206 and 207: Nitrification of septic tank efflue
Page 208 and 209: Influe? Effluent 0 Tank Denitrifica
Page 210 and 211: solution. It can be used to remove
Page 212 and 213: TABLE 6-27 POTENTIAL ONSITE PHOSPHO
Page 214 and 215: Anionic polyelectrolytes can be use
Page 216 and 217: component of the onsite treatment s
Page 218 and 219: 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16
Page 220 and 221: 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
Page 222 and 223: 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66.
Page 224 and 225: 7.1 Introduction CHAPTER 7 DISPOSAL
Page 226 and 227: 7.2.1.2 System Selection The type o
Page 228 and 229: Distribution FIGURE 7-2 TYPICAL BED
Page 230 and 231: TABLE 7-l SITE CRITERIA FOR TRENCH
Page 232 and 233: TABLE 7-2 RECOMMENDED RATES OF WAST
Page 234 and 235: can slough off the sidewall. These
Page 236 and 237: FIGURE 7-3 ALTERNATING TRENCH SYSTE
Page 238 and 239: FIGURE 7-4 PROVISION OF A RESERVE A
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FIGURE 7-5 TRENCH SYSTEM INSTALLED
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TABLE 7-4 DOSING FREQUENCIES FOR VA
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The depth of the porous media may v
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Distr Pipe, FIGURE 7-6 TYPICAL INSP
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against freezing and to stabilize .
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Pertodic Deternvne Cause u O&loadin
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oils, and greases, can cause failur
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4" Inspection Pip FIGURE 7-9 SEEPAG
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The same guidelines used in locatin
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Straw, Hay or Fabric? FIGURE 7-10 T
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I tern Landscape Position Slope Typ
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The acceptable depth to an impermea
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FIGURE 7-12 PROPER ORIENTATION OF A
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Mound Height TABLE 7-9 DIMENSIONS F
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Example 7.1: Calculation of Mound D
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1.0 + 1.4 = - t 0.75 + 1.5 1 [ = (3
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. Fill Placement Step 1: Place the
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7.2.4.6 Considerations for Multi-Ho
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7.2.5.2 Application a. Site Conside
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7.2.6 Artificially Drained Systems
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---- FIGURE 7-17 UNDERDRAINS USED T
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periods, particularly on level site
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TABLE 7-11 DRAINAGE METHODS FOR VAR
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high water table elevation. To prev
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FIGURE 7-18 TYPICAL ELECTRO-OSMOSIS
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7.2.8.1 Design a. Single Line . Sin
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Inlet From Pretreatment or Previous
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watertight Pipe & Joints1 FIGURE 7-
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ox networks (see Figure 7-23). Howe
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280 s P 4
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FIGURE 7-26 LATERAL DETAIL - TEE TO
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To simplify the design of small pre
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FIGURE 7-29 RECOMMENDED MANIFOLD DI
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Step 3: Select lateral diameter. Fo
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Step 8: Select proper pump or sipho
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Friction loss in 25 ft 2. Velocity
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FIGURE 7-32 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FO
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In summary, the final network desig
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7.2.8.3 Construction FIGURE 7-33 SC
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Since the network is pressurized, s
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FIGURE 7-35 CROSS SECTION OF TYPICA
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The capillary rise characteristic o
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The hydraulic loading rate is deter
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during the critical months of the y
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7.3.3 Evaporation and Evaporation/I
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FIGURE 7-37 TYPICAL EVAPORATION/INF
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October November December January F
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7.3.3.7 Seasonal, Multifamily, and
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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
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38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
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The grease traps discussed here are
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Type of Fixture Restaurant kitchen
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Removable Slab Inlet --CL Tee with
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- 8.3.3 Factors Affecting Performan
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The pumping head is calculated by a
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liquid level drops, the weights los
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8.3.5 Construction The tank must be
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Hori FIGURE 8-6 TOP VIEW OF DIVERSI
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9.1 Introduction CHAPTER 9 RESIDUAL
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Parameter TABLE 9-2 CHARACTERISTICS
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Parameter Total Coliform Fecal Coli
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9.4.1 Land Disposal Four methods ca
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TABLE 9-4 (continued) Alternative D
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W z Process Lagooning (1)(13)(14) (
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Process Description Liouid Stream S
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11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
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Some of the techniques discussed ma
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10.3.1 State Agencies Except for th
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10.3.4.1 Private Nonprofit Institut
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10.4.1.1 Standards for Site Suitabi
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Scope of Activities Perform inspect
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Scope of Activities Perform necessa
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10.4.4.1 Inspections Inspections co
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SYSTEM 1. U.S. Bureau of Reclam$t~o
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FIGURE A-2 TEXTURAL TRIANGLE DEFINI
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Class Platelike. with one dimension
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saturation may be necessary to conf
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the porosity of soils containing mo
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FIGURE A-5 SOIL MOISTURE RETENTION
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A.3.3 Flow of Water Through Layered
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GLOSSARY A horizon: The horizon for
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following chemical flocculation; wi
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floodway: A channel built to carry
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ped: A unit of soil structure such
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solids: Material in the solid state
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA (Please read
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