On-Site Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems - Forced ...

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TABLE 4-l SUMMARY OF AVERAGE DAILY RESIDENTIAL WASTEWATER FLOWS Wastewater Flow St dy Range of Individual Aveyage Residence Averages wd wd Duration of Study months No. of Residences Study 36 - 66 49 22 Linaweaver, et al. (1) 18 - 69 44 4 18 Anderson and Watson (2) 25 - 65 53 2-12 3 Watson, et al. (3) 37.8 - 101.6 52 6 8 26.3 - 65.4 41.4 24 5 ul Cohen and Wallman (4) Iv Laak (5) 31.8 - 82.5 44.5 0.5 5 Bennett and Linstedt (6) 25.4 - 56.9 42.6 1 11 Siegrist, et al. (7) 8 - 71 36 12 21 Otis (8) 42.3 12 16 Duffy, et al. (9) Weighted Average 44
FIGURE 4-l FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FOR AVERAGE DAILY RESIDENTIAL WATER USE/WASTE FLOWS I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 2 5 10 20 3040506070 80 90 95 98 99 Flow Values Less than or Equal to Stated Flow Value (%) Note: Based on the average daily flow measured for each of the 71 residences studied in (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8). 53
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DE SIGN MANUAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
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FOREWORD Rural and suburban communi
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Chapter CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ACKN
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Number FIGURES Wastewater Managemen
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FIGURES Number Page ne Saturator Sa
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FIGURES Number Page Use of Metal Ho
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Number TABLES Selection of Disposal
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Number TABLES (continued) Operati o
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TABLES (continued) Number Page of D
Page 20 and 21: In many areas, onsite systems have
Page 22 and 23: 2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 STRATEGY
Page 24 and 25: subsurface soil absorption is the p
Page 26 and 27: features of the site (See 3.3.1 and
Page 28 and 29: 2.2.2 System Selection With the pot
Page 30 and 31: 2.2.4 Onsite System Management Past
Page 32 and 33: determined largely by the physical
Page 34 and 35: 16 - I ,
Page 36 and 37: Step Client Contact Preliminary Eva
Page 38 and 39: FIGURE 3-2 EXAMPLE OF A PORTION OF
Page 40 and 41: Property USDA Texture Flooding Dept
Page 42 and 43: TABLE 3-3 SOIL SURVEY REPORT INFORM
Page 44 and 45: found for a subsurface soil absorpt
Page 46 and 47: Instrument Supported - Abney Level:
Page 48 and 49: FIGURE 3-8 PREPARATION OF SOIL SAMP
Page 50 and 51: Sandy Loam + _. ,i . L Silt Loam Cl
Page 52 and 53: Depth (Ft.) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Text
Page 54 and 55: Grade Structureless Weak Moderate S
Page 56 and 57: Excavated Soil Material (Tamped in
Page 58 and 59: If test results agree with this tab
Page 61 and 62: Percolation test FIGURE 3-15 PERCOL
Page 63 and 64: mm..--- - --- FIGURE 3-16 COMPILATI
Page 65 and 66: FIGURE 3-16 (continued) 0 Texture S
Page 67 and 68: 13. Winneberger, J. T. Correlation
Page 69: is the overall socioeconomic status
Page 73 and 74: extreme, however, minimum and maxim
Page 75 and 76: 4i2.2.2 Individual Activity Contrib
Page 77 and 78: and the resultant wastewater charac
Page 79 and 80: TABLE 4-7 TYPICAL WASTEWATER FLOWS
Page 81 and 82: TABLE 4-9 FIXTURE-UNITS PER FIXTURE
Page 83 and 84: 4.3.2 Wastewater Quality The qualit
Page 85 and 86: * FIGURE 4-3 STRATEGY FOR PREDICTIN
Page 87 and 88: 12. Witt, M. Water Use in Rural Hom
Page 89 and 90: 5.2 Water Conservation and Wastewat
Page 91 and 92: 5.2.2 Water-Saving Devices, Fixture
Page 93 and 94: TABLE 5-2 (continued) Total Flo Red
Page 95 and 96: Generic Typea Description Pit Privy
Page 97 and 98: TABLE 5-4 WASTEWATER FLOW REDUCTION
Page 99 and 100: 5.2.2.3 Clotheswashing Devices and
Page 101 and 102: Generic Typea Description Mixing Va
Page 103 and 104: TABLE 5-6 WASTEWATER FLOW REDUCTION
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 5-7 EXAMPLE POLLUTANT MASS RE
Page 107 and 108: FIGURE 5-l EXAMPLE STRATEGIES FOR M
Page 109 and 110: In most situations, projections of
Page 111 and 112: FIGURE 5-3 FLOW REDUCTION EFFECTS O
Page 113 and 114: 5.7 References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Page 115 and 116: 6.1 Introduction CHAPTER 6 ONSITE T
Page 117 and 118: l SauJUOdtUo3 lesodsip pue JuJmeJJa
Page 119 and 120: l ALJadoJd aeo 14 JO a[aaas aou Kel
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‘($3) %gg 40 uo~a3npaJ e (3as/w t
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l salpnqs asaq 49 s3 LnsaJ ayq saz!
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hei!ues I I i I 1 I PCm I b j- I. -
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: apn L3u k suo!qeJap csuo3 Jaq30
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*an LeA a Lqeuoha -sanb 40 JJe pue
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(01) NOIlV3IlddV MO7 39tiVl llOzi 1
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l suo~~~puo3 Le~uawuoJ~Aua JaaLk4 p
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l 3n aqq Kq pazkJa23eJeq3 sh q3LqM
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.aJn7eJal k L aqq u k pays k Lqeasa
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9-9 37flVl pSil3111~ lN311IbWl1NI 3
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l paq aqq 40 aDe4Jns aACleJaLi4u .L
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‘8 Jaad&?ys ul pun04 aJle suoyd!s
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l Ja$lk4 ay3 ukqq!M JaaewaaseM 40 u
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‘SU !PJpJapun paaeJo4Jad JO aukoF
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P- &JLXLJ~e~Jl~Jd UJOJj C . - A 1a~
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a3ueua2ukew pue uobJeJad0 8.E.g LeJ
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sameualJnddv axanbas Jau il SLOJ7.t
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eJJaakJ3 u6isaa Z’6’E’g *asop
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318QaQEi33aNON 01-9 3msu simaotld N
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SNOIlQ~tl9I~N03 1NQld 39QI3Qd NOIlQ
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El-9 31av1 S3ItX-US 01313 1INt-l 31
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d. Method of Aeration Oxygen is tra
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contain electrical components, they
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control that results in power savin
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TABLE 6-16 OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS--EX
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I TRICKLING FILTFR FIGURE 6-12 EXAM
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presents suggested design ranges fo
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Item Media Tank Aeration System RBC
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Observation Filter Ponding Filter F
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TABLE.6-21 HALOGEN PROPERTIES (27)
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The use of chlorine as a disinfecta
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HOC1 , would predominate. It is cle
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6.5.2.5 Construction Features a. Fe
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e Wastewater FIGURE 6-14 IODINE SAT
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(experience with some units indicat
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directing flow through and around t
Page 196 and 197:
FIGURE 6-17 TYPICAL UV STERILIZING
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Shigella TABLE 6-25 UV DOSAGE FOR S
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Cleaning of quartz glass enclosures
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the bubble diffuser units to lo-30
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TABLE 6-26 POTENTIAL ONSITE NITROGE
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Nitrification of septic tank efflue
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Influe? Effluent 0 Tank Denitrifica
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solution. It can be used to remove
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TABLE 6-27 POTENTIAL ONSITE PHOSPHO
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Anionic polyelectrolytes can be use
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component of the onsite treatment s
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7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16
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30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
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58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66.
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7.1 Introduction CHAPTER 7 DISPOSAL
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7.2.1.2 System Selection The type o
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Distribution FIGURE 7-2 TYPICAL BED
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TABLE 7-l SITE CRITERIA FOR TRENCH
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TABLE 7-2 RECOMMENDED RATES OF WAST
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can slough off the sidewall. These
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FIGURE 7-3 ALTERNATING TRENCH SYSTE
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FIGURE 7-4 PROVISION OF A RESERVE A
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FIGURE 7-5 TRENCH SYSTEM INSTALLED
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TABLE 7-4 DOSING FREQUENCIES FOR VA
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The depth of the porous media may v
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Distr Pipe, FIGURE 7-6 TYPICAL INSP
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against freezing and to stabilize .
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Pertodic Deternvne Cause u O&loadin
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oils, and greases, can cause failur
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4" Inspection Pip FIGURE 7-9 SEEPAG
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The same guidelines used in locatin
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Straw, Hay or Fabric? FIGURE 7-10 T
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I tern Landscape Position Slope Typ
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The acceptable depth to an impermea
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FIGURE 7-12 PROPER ORIENTATION OF A
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Mound Height TABLE 7-9 DIMENSIONS F
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Example 7.1: Calculation of Mound D
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1.0 + 1.4 = - t 0.75 + 1.5 1 [ = (3
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. Fill Placement Step 1: Place the
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7.2.4.6 Considerations for Multi-Ho
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7.2.5.2 Application a. Site Conside
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7.2.6 Artificially Drained Systems
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---- FIGURE 7-17 UNDERDRAINS USED T
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periods, particularly on level site
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TABLE 7-11 DRAINAGE METHODS FOR VAR
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high water table elevation. To prev
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FIGURE 7-18 TYPICAL ELECTRO-OSMOSIS
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7.2.8.1 Design a. Single Line . Sin
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Inlet From Pretreatment or Previous
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watertight Pipe & Joints1 FIGURE 7-
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ox networks (see Figure 7-23). Howe
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280 s P 4
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FIGURE 7-26 LATERAL DETAIL - TEE TO
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To simplify the design of small pre
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FIGURE 7-29 RECOMMENDED MANIFOLD DI
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Step 3: Select lateral diameter. Fo
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Step 8: Select proper pump or sipho
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Friction loss in 25 ft 2. Velocity
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FIGURE 7-32 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FO
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In summary, the final network desig
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7.2.8.3 Construction FIGURE 7-33 SC
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Since the network is pressurized, s
Page 320 and 321:
FIGURE 7-35 CROSS SECTION OF TYPICA
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The capillary rise characteristic o
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The hydraulic loading rate is deter
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during the critical months of the y
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7.3.3 Evaporation and Evaporation/I
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FIGURE 7-37 TYPICAL EVAPORATION/INF
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October November December January F
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7.3.3.7 Seasonal, Multifamily, and
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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
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38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
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The grease traps discussed here are
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Type of Fixture Restaurant kitchen
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Removable Slab Inlet --CL Tee with
Page 346 and 347:
- 8.3.3 Factors Affecting Performan
Page 348 and 349:
The pumping head is calculated by a
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liquid level drops, the weights los
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8.3.5 Construction The tank must be
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Hori FIGURE 8-6 TOP VIEW OF DIVERSI
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9.1 Introduction CHAPTER 9 RESIDUAL
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Parameter TABLE 9-2 CHARACTERISTICS
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Parameter Total Coliform Fecal Coli
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9.4.1 Land Disposal Four methods ca
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TABLE 9-4 (continued) Alternative D
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W z Process Lagooning (1)(13)(14) (
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Process Description Liouid Stream S
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11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
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Some of the techniques discussed ma
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10.3.1 State Agencies Except for th
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10.3.4.1 Private Nonprofit Institut
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10.4.1.1 Standards for Site Suitabi
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Scope of Activities Perform inspect
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Scope of Activities Perform necessa
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10.4.4.1 Inspections Inspections co
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SYSTEM 1. U.S. Bureau of Reclam$t~o
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FIGURE A-2 TEXTURAL TRIANGLE DEFINI
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Class Platelike. with one dimension
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saturation may be necessary to conf
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the porosity of soils containing mo
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FIGURE A-5 SOIL MOISTURE RETENTION
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A.3.3 Flow of Water Through Layered
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GLOSSARY A horizon: The horizon for
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following chemical flocculation; wi
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floodway: A channel built to carry
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ped: A unit of soil structure such
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solids: Material in the solid state
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA (Please read
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