On-Site Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems - Forced ...

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- 8.3.3 Factors Affecting Performance Factors that must be considered in design of dosing chambers are (1) the dose volume, (2) the total dynamic head, (3) the desired flow rate, and (4) the wastewater characteristics. When pumps are used, they must be selected based on all three factors. If raw wastewater with large solids is pumped, grinder pumps or pneumatic ejectors must be used. Siphons are chosen on the basis of the desired flow rate and their discharge invert elevations determined from the total dynamic head. Only wastewaters free from settleable and flotable solids can be discharged by siphons. If corrosive wastewaters such as septic tank effluent are being discharged, all equipment must be selected to withstand the corrosive atmosphere. 8.3.4 Design 8.3.4.1 Dosing Chambers with Pumps A pumping chamber consists of a tank, pump, pump controls, and alarm system. Figure 8-2 shows a cross section of a typical pumping chamber used for pumping pretreated wastewater. The tank can be a separate unit as shown, or it can have common wall construction with the pretreatment unit. The tank should have sufficient volume to provide the desired dosing volume, plus a reserve volume. The reserve volume is the volume of the tank between the high water alarm switch and the invert of the inlet pipe. It provides storage during power outages or pump failure. A reserve capacity equal to the estimated daily wastewater flow is typi- cally used for residential application (4). In large flow applications, duplex pump units can be used as an alternative to provide reserve capacity. No reserve capacity is necessary when siphons are used. Pump selection is based on the wastewater characteristics, the desired discharge rate, and the pumping head. Raw wastewater requires a pump with solids-handling capabilities. Grinder pumps, pneumatic ejectors, or solids-handling centrifugal pumps are suitable for these applications. While pneumatic ejectors may be used in other applications as well, submersible centrifugal pumps are best suited where large volumes are to be pumped in each dose. The pump size is determined from pump performance curves provided by the manufacturers. Selection is based on the flow rate needed and the pumping head. The specific application determines the flow rate needed. 328
lnfluent -- --------_ --T-------------- FIGURE 8-2 TYPICAL DOSING CHAMBER WITH PUMP Relay in Weather Proof Enclosure T High Water _-_ Alarm Switch Reserve Capacity After Alarm Sounds b Level Control Switch Shut-Off Level E _ _ _ Level Control f Switch over ,-Hanger Pipe for Pump Removal ,- Quick Disconnect Sliding Coupler x--c Effluent
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DE SIGN MANUAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
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FOREWORD Rural and suburban communi
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Chapter CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ACKN
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Number FIGURES Wastewater Managemen
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FIGURES Number Page ne Saturator Sa
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FIGURES Number Page Use of Metal Ho
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Number TABLES Selection of Disposal
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Number TABLES (continued) Operati o
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TABLES (continued) Number Page of D
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In many areas, onsite systems have
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 STRATEGY
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subsurface soil absorption is the p
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features of the site (See 3.3.1 and
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2.2.2 System Selection With the pot
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2.2.4 Onsite System Management Past
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determined largely by the physical
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16 - I ,
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Step Client Contact Preliminary Eva
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FIGURE 3-2 EXAMPLE OF A PORTION OF
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Property USDA Texture Flooding Dept
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TABLE 3-3 SOIL SURVEY REPORT INFORM
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found for a subsurface soil absorpt
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Instrument Supported - Abney Level:
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FIGURE 3-8 PREPARATION OF SOIL SAMP
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Sandy Loam + _. ,i . L Silt Loam Cl
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Depth (Ft.) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Text
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Grade Structureless Weak Moderate S
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Excavated Soil Material (Tamped in
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If test results agree with this tab
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Percolation test FIGURE 3-15 PERCOL
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mm..--- - --- FIGURE 3-16 COMPILATI
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FIGURE 3-16 (continued) 0 Texture S
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13. Winneberger, J. T. Correlation
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is the overall socioeconomic status
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FIGURE 4-l FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION F
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extreme, however, minimum and maxim
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4i2.2.2 Individual Activity Contrib
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and the resultant wastewater charac
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TABLE 4-7 TYPICAL WASTEWATER FLOWS
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TABLE 4-9 FIXTURE-UNITS PER FIXTURE
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4.3.2 Wastewater Quality The qualit
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* FIGURE 4-3 STRATEGY FOR PREDICTIN
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12. Witt, M. Water Use in Rural Hom
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5.2 Water Conservation and Wastewat
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5.2.2 Water-Saving Devices, Fixture
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TABLE 5-2 (continued) Total Flo Red
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Generic Typea Description Pit Privy
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TABLE 5-4 WASTEWATER FLOW REDUCTION
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5.2.2.3 Clotheswashing Devices and
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Generic Typea Description Mixing Va
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TABLE 5-6 WASTEWATER FLOW REDUCTION
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TABLE 5-7 EXAMPLE POLLUTANT MASS RE
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FIGURE 5-l EXAMPLE STRATEGIES FOR M
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In most situations, projections of
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FIGURE 5-3 FLOW REDUCTION EFFECTS O
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5.7 References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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6.1 Introduction CHAPTER 6 ONSITE T
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l SauJUOdtUo3 lesodsip pue JuJmeJJa
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‘8 Jaad&?ys ul pun04 aJle suoyd!s
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‘SU !PJpJapun paaeJo4Jad JO aukoF
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a3ueua2ukew pue uobJeJad0 8.E.g LeJ
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eJJaakJ3 u6isaa Z’6’E’g *asop
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318QaQEi33aNON 01-9 3msu simaotld N
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SNOIlQ~tl9I~N03 1NQld 39QI3Qd NOIlQ
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El-9 31av1 S3ItX-US 01313 1INt-l 31
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d. Method of Aeration Oxygen is tra
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contain electrical components, they
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control that results in power savin
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TABLE 6-16 OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS--EX
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I TRICKLING FILTFR FIGURE 6-12 EXAM
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presents suggested design ranges fo
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Item Media Tank Aeration System RBC
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Observation Filter Ponding Filter F
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TABLE.6-21 HALOGEN PROPERTIES (27)
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The use of chlorine as a disinfecta
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HOC1 , would predominate. It is cle
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6.5.2.5 Construction Features a. Fe
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e Wastewater FIGURE 6-14 IODINE SAT
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(experience with some units indicat
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directing flow through and around t
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FIGURE 6-17 TYPICAL UV STERILIZING
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Shigella TABLE 6-25 UV DOSAGE FOR S
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Cleaning of quartz glass enclosures
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the bubble diffuser units to lo-30
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TABLE 6-26 POTENTIAL ONSITE NITROGE
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Nitrification of septic tank efflue
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Influe? Effluent 0 Tank Denitrifica
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solution. It can be used to remove
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TABLE 6-27 POTENTIAL ONSITE PHOSPHO
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Anionic polyelectrolytes can be use
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component of the onsite treatment s
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7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16
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30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
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58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66.
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7.1 Introduction CHAPTER 7 DISPOSAL
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7.2.1.2 System Selection The type o
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Distribution FIGURE 7-2 TYPICAL BED
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TABLE 7-l SITE CRITERIA FOR TRENCH
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TABLE 7-2 RECOMMENDED RATES OF WAST
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can slough off the sidewall. These
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FIGURE 7-3 ALTERNATING TRENCH SYSTE
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FIGURE 7-4 PROVISION OF A RESERVE A
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FIGURE 7-5 TRENCH SYSTEM INSTALLED
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TABLE 7-4 DOSING FREQUENCIES FOR VA
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The depth of the porous media may v
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Distr Pipe, FIGURE 7-6 TYPICAL INSP
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against freezing and to stabilize .
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Pertodic Deternvne Cause u O&loadin
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oils, and greases, can cause failur
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4" Inspection Pip FIGURE 7-9 SEEPAG
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The same guidelines used in locatin
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Straw, Hay or Fabric? FIGURE 7-10 T
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I tern Landscape Position Slope Typ
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The acceptable depth to an impermea
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FIGURE 7-12 PROPER ORIENTATION OF A
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Mound Height TABLE 7-9 DIMENSIONS F
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Example 7.1: Calculation of Mound D
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1.0 + 1.4 = - t 0.75 + 1.5 1 [ = (3
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. Fill Placement Step 1: Place the
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7.2.4.6 Considerations for Multi-Ho
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7.2.5.2 Application a. Site Conside
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7.2.6 Artificially Drained Systems
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---- FIGURE 7-17 UNDERDRAINS USED T
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periods, particularly on level site
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TABLE 7-11 DRAINAGE METHODS FOR VAR
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high water table elevation. To prev
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FIGURE 7-18 TYPICAL ELECTRO-OSMOSIS
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7.2.8.1 Design a. Single Line . Sin
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Inlet From Pretreatment or Previous
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watertight Pipe & Joints1 FIGURE 7-
Page 296 and 297: ox networks (see Figure 7-23). Howe
Page 298 and 299: 280 s P 4
Page 300 and 301: FIGURE 7-26 LATERAL DETAIL - TEE TO
Page 302 and 303: To simplify the design of small pre
Page 304 and 305: FIGURE 7-29 RECOMMENDED MANIFOLD DI
Page 306 and 307: Step 3: Select lateral diameter. Fo
Page 308 and 309: Step 8: Select proper pump or sipho
Page 310 and 311: Friction loss in 25 ft 2. Velocity
Page 312 and 313: FIGURE 7-32 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FO
Page 314 and 315: In summary, the final network desig
Page 316 and 317: 7.2.8.3 Construction FIGURE 7-33 SC
Page 318 and 319: Since the network is pressurized, s
Page 320 and 321: FIGURE 7-35 CROSS SECTION OF TYPICA
Page 322 and 323: The capillary rise characteristic o
Page 324 and 325: The hydraulic loading rate is deter
Page 326 and 327: during the critical months of the y
Page 328 and 329: 7.3.3 Evaporation and Evaporation/I
Page 330 and 331: FIGURE 7-37 TYPICAL EVAPORATION/INF
Page 332 and 333: October November December January F
Page 334 and 335: 7.3.3.7 Seasonal, Multifamily, and
Page 336 and 337: 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Page 338 and 339: 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
Page 340 and 341: The grease traps discussed here are
Page 342 and 343: Type of Fixture Restaurant kitchen
Page 344 and 345: Removable Slab Inlet --CL Tee with
Page 348 and 349: The pumping head is calculated by a
Page 350 and 351: liquid level drops, the weights los
Page 352 and 353: 8.3.5 Construction The tank must be
Page 354 and 355: Hori FIGURE 8-6 TOP VIEW OF DIVERSI
Page 356 and 357: 9.1 Introduction CHAPTER 9 RESIDUAL
Page 358 and 359: Parameter TABLE 9-2 CHARACTERISTICS
Page 360 and 361: Parameter Total Coliform Fecal Coli
Page 362 and 363: 9.4.1 Land Disposal Four methods ca
Page 364 and 365: TABLE 9-4 (continued) Alternative D
Page 366 and 367: W z Process Lagooning (1)(13)(14) (
Page 368 and 369: Process Description Liouid Stream S
Page 370 and 371: 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
Page 372 and 373: Some of the techniques discussed ma
Page 374 and 375: 10.3.1 State Agencies Except for th
Page 376 and 377: 10.3.4.1 Private Nonprofit Institut
Page 378 and 379: 10.4.1.1 Standards for Site Suitabi
Page 380 and 381: Scope of Activities Perform inspect
Page 382 and 383: Scope of Activities Perform necessa
Page 384 and 385: 10.4.4.1 Inspections Inspections co
Page 386 and 387: SYSTEM 1. U.S. Bureau of Reclam$t~o
Page 388 and 389: FIGURE A-2 TEXTURAL TRIANGLE DEFINI
Page 390 and 391: Class Platelike. with one dimension
Page 392 and 393: saturation may be necessary to conf
Page 394 and 395: the porosity of soils containing mo
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FIGURE A-5 SOIL MOISTURE RETENTION
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A.3.3 Flow of Water Through Layered
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GLOSSARY A horizon: The horizon for
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following chemical flocculation; wi
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floodway: A channel built to carry
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ped: A unit of soil structure such
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solids: Material in the solid state
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA (Please read
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