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SCANDINAVIAN ANTIQUITIES OP DUBLIN. 37
Ivar was at that time in Scandinavia, collecting BOOK i.
CHAP m -
there auxiliaries with whom he joined Aulaf in 865,
and then assumed the chief command. 1
Hence the
invading fleets were termed " the fleets of the tyrant
Igwares." 2
At the close of A.D. 866 "the Pagans landed in ivarandAuiaf
England and took up their winter quarters among Angiia, A.D.
the East Angles," 3 who supplied them with horses;
and thus "a great part of those who had been
infantry soldiers became cavalry." 4
In 867 Thence invade
they
"
went from East Angiia over the mouth of the and ivar is
Humber to York, in Northumbria," 8 and having
defeated and slain the two kings, Osbright and Ella, 6
"Ivar was made king." 7
Although Aulaf is not named in those English
narratives, we infer that he accompanied Ivar to the
end of the campaign, for in A.D. 868, when the army
obtained the crown in 863. Aulaf 8
invasion, which was opposed by
Constantine, may have originated
in some claim to the kingdom of
the Picts, the Irish Picts having
submitted to Aulaf, and the Picts
of the Scottish Isles having been
conquered by Regnar Lodbrog's
sons. Sax. Gram., p. 74.
1 The general practice of the
Northmen was to place united
forces under one leader.
2
Ethelwerd, 866, is the only
in which the
English authority
leader of the expedition is named,
and the name is Igwares frequently
errors of tran-
mistaken (from
scribers) for Inguares or Hinguar,
Ivar's illegitimate brother. North-
ern historians write, " Eo tempore
collectis Rex crudelishnus Norman-
norum Yvar filius Lothpardi (Lodbrog)
quern ferunt ossibus caruisse
(Beinlause) ejus fratres Inguar et
Ubi et Biorn et Ulf, &c., &c. Igi-
tur Ivar Brittaniam classe petiit
et crudele prelium cum Regibus
Anglorum conseruit." Langebek,
Tol. i., p. 374. Anonymi Roskild.
Chron.
866.
8 Sax. Chron., 866 ; Ethelwerd,
* Ibid.
5 Sax. Chron., 867 ; Asser, 867 ;
Ethelwerd, 867.
6 Mat. Westm., 867 ; Hen. Hunt.,
867 ; Flor. Wig., 867 ; Ethelwerd,
867; Asser, 867; Sax. Chron.,
867, all state or imply that Osbright
and Ella were killed in battle.
7 Langebek, vol. ii., p. 279.