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378 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. the Continent, I hold that for what we pay we get, aa a gmeral rule, services ~~npamlleled in excellence. The conclusive mode of deciding, as it seems to me, whethor railways are badly and oppressively managed in this country will be to inquire whether, a.a a matter of fact, people aro deterred from travelling by railways on account of the cost and danger. Every institution must be tried by its resdts, and if our railways are 80 much worse condacted than those of other couutries, the proof ought to be found in the smallness of tho traffic. I do not find that any of the writers who complain about our railways have taken the trouble to ascertain the comparative numbers of railway travellers in different countries. In the time which is at my disposal for the preparation of this Essay, I have not been able to discover the number of railway passengers on tho much-praised railway system of Belgium, but so far as we can judge from France the advantage is vastly on our side. I find that in 1869 there wore lll,lGJ,284 separate journeys on the French railways, which, compared with a population of about thirty-eight millions, ghows that each person on an average travelled not quite three times. Now, in tha United Kingdom the number of railway passengers in 1867 was 287,807,904, which compared with 30,333,000, the estimated population for that year, shows that cvery inhabitaut of the United Kingdom travelled on tho average almost nine and a half times, or more than three times as often ns an inhabitant of France. The use of the railways, too, seems to be very rapidly advancing in this country; for in 1870 every inhabitant of the United Kingdom travelled on tho average 10.8 times by railway, and in 1871, not less than 11.8 times. Moreover, in these calculations no account is taken of the unknown number of jonrneys of the holders of season and periodical tickets. Estimate it how we will, the state of the passenger trdc in this country is very satiafactory. Peoplo are fond of pointing t0 the Post o&e as an example of the benefits of Government administration direoted aolely to the promotion of the public good; but between 1858 and 1870, the total number of 1et.ters delivered in the United Kingdom rose only from 545 millions to 863 millions, or by
THE RAIL [FA YS A .VD THE S 3il TE. 379 less than 59 psr ceut., wherons the number of railway passengers sprung up from 139 millions in 1858 to 336 millions, an increase of 1.41 per ccut., being considerably more than twice the rate of incrctlss of letters. If lator returns were taken tho results of comparisou would bo still more striking, owing to the recent greQt inorouso of third-clasa passengers. Ths PostmastL.r-Gencrrtl, too, lately discovered that he had been greatly over-estiluatiug tho numbers of letters delivered, the uumber for 1871 bthg stated uow at 870 millions, instead of 915 nlillions as in tho previous report. This vast error of 45 millions of lottera, oue uf the htrgest errors I have ever heard of, does not incrcaso our confideuoe in the Post Office statistics, and we aro not informod how many years arc affected by similar errors. 'l'ho result uf comparison must be iu any CRSC to shorn that theso much-abused railway compauies, acting only, as it is mid, lor t>ho bcncfit of their shareholders, havo yet developed business far luoro than the much-praised Post Office. Taking all circunlstsllces into account, thero can bo no doubt that Englrtnd and JVales are better supplied with railways thau any other country in the world. Tho comparison is complicated by tho fact that countries diffor very much in the density of population, and, as truly remarked by Mr. Dudley Baxter, it is absurd to supposc that tho mountainous and thinly populated districts of JVnles, Scotlwd, and tlle North of England, und Ireland, could LC as closely reticulated Ly railways as the smaIl, &LC, denscly-peupld kingdom of Belgium. Now tho comparison of the nrcu, population, and length of railways in tho principal States of Europe gives the following results : Belgium . . England end Wales Netherlands . United Kingdom Italy . . . Pmssia Ireland . . h o e . . Population per square milo. , , 451 . * 389 . * 291 . . 265 . 237 , . 180 . . 169 * , 150
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METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM.
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PREFACE. A FEW words will explain t
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CONTENTS. AXUSEYEYTB OF THE PEOPLE
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METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. AMUSEJIEN
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AMUSEMENTS OF THE PEOPLE, 3 the mau
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AMUSEMENTS OF THE PEOPLE. 5 and of
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AMUSEXENTS OF THE PEOPLE. 7 she is
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AMUSEMENTS OF THE PEOPLE. 9 the rat
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AMWSEMENTS OF THE PEOPLE. 1I must i
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AMUSEMENTS OF THE PEOPLE. 13 gr-t w
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militia band, wpeciallg the drnmmer
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AMUSEMENTS OF THE PEOPLE. 17 pulsor
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20 JfETHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. tnsto
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of cornical adventures which befell
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divisions of the house and the diff
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AM USEMEdVTS OF 1‘HE PEOPLE. 27 i
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of utility which is thereby acquire
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THE RATl0NAL.E OF FREE PULUic LlBRA
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THE RATIONALE OF FREE PUBLIC LtBRAR
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THE RATlONALE OF FREE PUBLIC LIBRAR
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THE RATlONALE OF FREE PUBLIC LIBRAR
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THE RATIONALE OF FREE PUBLKC LIERAR
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THE RAT'ONALE OF FREE PUBUC LZBRARl
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THE RATIONRLE OF FREE PUBUC WBRARiE
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THE h'A.TiOA!ALE OF FREE PUBLIC LIB
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THE RATIONALE OF FREE PUBLIC UBRARI
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THE RATIOIVALE OF FREE PULFLZC UBRA
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THE RATIONALE OF FREE PUBLIC WBRARK
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THE USE AND ABUSE OF MUSEUMS.* IT i
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THE USE AND ABUSE UF MUSBUMS. 55 V8
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THE USE RdVD A BUb-ii OF MUSE U1.11
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THE USE AND ABUSE OF MUS&U&fS. 59 I
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collections. The ordinary visitor,
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THE USE AND ABUSE OF MUSEUMS. 63 pl
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dl tho birds shot in the neigllbonr
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THE USE AND ABUSE OF MUSEUdfS. 457
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TBE USE AND ABUSE OF MUSEUMS. Then,
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muttor of course, srrange for an ex
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TUE USE AND ABUSE OF MUSEUMS. 73 cu
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THE USE: Ah'D ABUSE OF MUSEU.VS. 75
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st Oxford and the Fitsmilliarn Muse
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THE USE AND ABUSE OF MUSEUMS. 79 A
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chaos some unity of ideas and actio
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“ CRa4 M. 83 like having their wo
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‘‘ CRAM.* 83 x. exnminntion-pap
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88 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. nfter-
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Po METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM examina
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92 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. makes
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CRAM.” 9s metho& of training, whi
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‘< 97 be urged in defence of tho
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“ CRAM.” 99 upon their freedom
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TRADES SOCIETIES THEIR OBJECTS AND
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TRADES SOCIETfES: THEIR OBYECTS AND
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TRADES SOCIETIES: THEIR OB3ECTS AND
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TRADES SOZIETIES’: TIiEfR OBFECTS
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TRADES.SOCIETIES: THEZR OBTECTS AND
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112 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. who w
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x 14 METHODS OF SOCfAL REFORhf. not
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I 16 hfETlODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. Bat
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. I r8 METHODS OF SOCIAL A‘EFORM.
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the advantages of becoming themselv
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ON INDUSTRIAL PARI’NERSHIPS.* I.
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124 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. Some
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I a6 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. rrnd
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I 28 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. poin
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13Q METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. Pea00
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132 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM ' wage
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134 METUODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. of a
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136 METHODS OF SOCXAL REFORM. “(3
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2 38 AfETH0D.S OF SOCfAL REFORM. ma
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140 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. The f
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I42 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM whose
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144 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. of mi
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1 4 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. moant
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For my own part I do think that the
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1 j0 2WETJfOD-S OF SOCIAL REFORM. p
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152 METHODS OF socra REFORM. profit
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154 JfETHQDS OF SOCIAL REFORM. work
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WIIILE engaged in preparing a small
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15s ME TIIODS UF SOCIAL REFOR‘U.
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160 ME7%rODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. to r
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162 METHODS OF SOCIALd REFORM. 1870
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164 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. colle
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166 AfETNODS OF SOCIAL REFORJf. tha
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168 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM Mlljes
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f 70 METHUDS OF SOCIAL REFORM. AJ a
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173 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM childr
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J 74 METHQDS OF SOCZAL REFORM tho f
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176 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. young
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378 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. work
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INAUGURAL ADDRESS AS PRESIDEKT OF T
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I e2 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. conc
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. . . 184 HETHUDS OF SOCIAL REFORM.
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1x1. I am glad to see that one resu
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188 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. sensi
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‘90 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. cam
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192 METIfODS OF SOCIAL REFUKJf. to
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BRITZSH ASSOCiAT~ON-OP~Ni~~'G ADDRE
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BRITISH ASSOCIA TIOW-OPENING ADDRES
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BRITISH ASSOCIA TIOAr-OPEAYNG ADDRE
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GRZTZSH ASSOCIA TZO.V-0PENING ADDRE
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BRITlSfZ ASSOCZA TZOA" UPEIVZ~VG AD
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BRlTlSH ASSOCIA TION-OPENING ADDRES
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BRITISH ASSOCIA TION-OPENfNG ADDRES
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even lower in pmportion. In fact th
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BRIT/SN ASSOCIA r10A'- OPEA1'laVG A
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BRITISH ASSOCIA TION-OPENiNG ADDRES
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BRITISH ASSOCIA TIOLW”PEAVZNG ADD
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CRUELTY TO ANIMALS-A SOCIOLOGY. * S
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proportionate moral sentiment is fo
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88 ct an abomination imported from
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CRUELTY TO AN2MAL.F" STUDY IN SOCIO
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CRUELTY TO ANIMALS-A STUDY IN SOCIO
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CRCTELTJ‘ TO A.WSfALS--A STUDY I.
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CRUELTY TO ANIMALS-A STUDY IN SOCIO
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amomb of pain are daily inflicted,
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CRUELTY 70 ANIMALS-A STUDY IN SOCIO
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CRUELTY TO ANJLIALS-A STUDY IN SOCI
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THE UNlTED KlNGDOM ALLIANCE. 239 it
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songht t.Lis opportunity of giving
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J .. . THE UNlTED KlNGDOM ALLLANCE.
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they *e or can ; what I objeot fo i
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Sorely, as regards the publicans, t
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THE UNITED KINGDOM ALWANCE. %? 88 b
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ook, that we should not spend a qwt
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THE UNITED KINGDOM ALLIANCE. 251 th
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EXPERIMENTAL LEGISLATION AND THE DR
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E.rpExAZfEmAL LEGISLA TION-DRfN.. T
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EXPERI.IfENTifL LEGISLATION. 157 an
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EXPERIMELVTAL LEGISLA TiO-lr. 259 m
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of the present day. Even styles of
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EXPERl-1iE~VTAL LEGISLA TICILK 263
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EXPERZME.VTAL LEGISLATIOA‘. 265 d
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Some years since the Howard Associa
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EXPERIMENTAL LEGZSLATZOiV. 269 hd a
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The kst way of dealing with tho liq
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EXPERIMENTAL LEGISLA TION. 173 sche
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EXPERIMENTAL LEGZSU TION. 275 tried
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ON THE ANALOGY BETWEEN THE POST OFF
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ON GO YERXMENT CONTROL OF TELEGRAPH
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08 GOVERNiWENT CONTROL OF TELEGRAPH
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ON GOVERA'MENP CONTROL OF TELEGRAPH
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ON GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF TELEGRAPHS
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0,tr GOVERA'A~EJVT COLV~~ROL OF TEL
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ON GQVERN.lfEA\'T COA'TROL OF TELEG
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parcel incurs 6 new, uncertain, and
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THE POST OFFICE TELEGRAPHS AND THEI
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THE POST OFFICE TELEGRAPHS. 29s reo
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THE POST OFFICE TELEGR.4PIf.F. 297
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TffE POST OFFlCE TELEGRAPIiS. 299 s
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THE POST OFFlCE TELGGRAPRS. 30 1 te
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man might espect to makc money by s
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THE POST OFFZCE TELEGRAPHS. 305 ind
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POSTAL NOTES, MONEY ORDERS, AND BAN
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POSTAL KOTES. -$fU*\’EY ORDERS, B
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POSTAL NOTES, MONEY ORDERS, BANK CH
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P0ST:IL ,lV0TES, .VOsl’El- ORDERS
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able to bearer--a simple cnde lrtmt
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POSTAL NOTES, MOAVEY ORDERS, BANK C
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POSTAL NOTES, MO.YEY ORDERS, BALVK
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POSTAL LI'OTES, AtO,%'EY ORDERS, BA
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. STATE PARCEL POST. ’‘ AT n se
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326 METHODS OE SOCIAL REFORM. Apin,
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Page 338 and 339: 330 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. altho
Page 340 and 341: may mean. But thoy seldom charge le
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Page 354 and 355: 34.6 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. inst
Page 356 and 357: 348 METIIODS OF SOCIAL REFORM be =s
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Page 360 and 361: 352 ME7HODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. wonde
Page 362 and 363: 354 r3IETl(ORS OF SOCfAL REFORM. di
Page 364 and 365: almost perfoctlp fulfilled in the p
Page 366 and 367: 358 dfETH0D.S OF SOCIAL REFORM. was
Page 368 and 369: 360 METHODS OF SOCTAL REFORM. at tw
Page 370 and 371: 362 METHODS OF SOCfdL REFORM of rai
Page 372 and 373: 364 itfET'€OD.S OF SOClAL REFORM.
Page 374 and 375: 366 METHODS OF SOCfAL REFURM. from
Page 376 and 377: 368 HETlfODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. many
Page 378 and 379: 370 METHODS OF SOCIAL REFORM. lose
Page 380 and 381: 37 2 ME THO DS o F sou-4 L REFORM.
Page 382 and 383: 374 METHODS OF SOCIAL KEFORJf. expe
Page 384 and 385: expcnditurc. 376 A16 77iOUJ' i 1" S
Page 389 and 390: THE RAIL 1 li4 JY1T A-171 TIfE S T.
Page 391: THE RAIL JVA YS A.VD THE STATE. 383
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