Formal Approaches to Semantic Microvariation: Adverbial ...

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estrictions on values for the parameter in the definition of beaucoup. Consider the borderline case s = 0. Right now the semantics I have given to beaucoup is something like ‘greater than s, where s is a contextually given standard’. Therefore, a sentence with the quantifier BCP0 1 applied to a property P is true just in case P is non-empty. In other words, setting s to 0 would predict that a sentence including the adverb beaucoup would be true if something happened once. This would make the unfortunate prediction that Brutus a poignardé Caésar and Brutus a beaucoup poignardé Caésar should be able to mean the same thing, since it is unexpected that Brutus would stab Caesar (given that he might be the man’s own son). Therefore, we can conclude that s has to be greater than 0. However, it is unlikely that we should put any more restrictions on the lower bound of the contextual parameter since, if things are extremely rare or unexpected, values > 1 or > 2 could count as beaucoup. For example, it is not unprecedented for Canada to go four or even five years without a federal election. However, since 2004, Canada has had a series of minority governments that have all fallen within two years of each other. Therefore, the fact that Canada has had three elections within a single four year period makes it perfectly appropriate to say (20). (20) Dans les dernières quatres années, les canadiens ont In the last four years, the canadians have ‘In the past for years, canadians have voted a lot ’ beaucoup a lot voté. voted Therefore, we can conclude that beaucoup should be defined for s > 0. On the other end of the scale, it seems reasonable to exclude the case where s ≥| E |, since a sentence with beaucoup takes a value for s that is greater than or equal to | E | would be false in every model. I therefore revise the definition of BCP 1 as follows. 16
(21) Let s 1 ∈ N such that 0 < s s 1 17
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angele
Page 3 and 4: 3.3.1 Split DPs in Old French . . .
Page 5 and 6: CHAPTER 1 Introduction This thesis
Page 7 and 8: concrete example of the contributio
Page 9 and 10: The thesis is organized as follows:
Page 11 and 12: As pointed out by Keenan & Westerst
Page 13 and 14: following definitions for beaucoup
Page 15: ‘I slept a lot’ b. Je suis beau
Page 19 and 20: involves unreducible binary quantif
Page 21 and 22: dently, are islands for movement. A
Page 23 and 24: a. ...parce qu’une longue bibliog
Page 25 and 26: f. Elle a tellement applaudi que..
Page 27 and 28: 2.1.2.3 Multiplicity of Events Anot
Page 29 and 30: . Elle vient d’avoir beaucoup d
Page 31 and 32: ‘Jean has owned a lot of horses
Page 33 and 34: sis [i.e. movement analysis-H.B], s
Page 35 and 36: object. Other more complicated move
Page 37 and 38: Only the (internal) arguments of V
Page 39 and 40: Semantic incorporation has been pro
Page 41 and 42: Based on a study of the scope prope
Page 43 and 44: QAD sentences with multiple events
Page 45 and 46: . Quatre mille navires sont passés
Page 47 and 48: She proposes that nouns contain two
Page 49 and 50: (Doetjes (1997: 271, her (40)) Seco
Page 51 and 52: As shown below, like souvent, rarem
Page 53 and 54: (79) a. J’ai rarement apprécié
Page 55 and 56: 2.2.1 The Unreducibility of BCP SF
Page 57 and 58: (where s = 1 or t = 1, and s or t =
Page 59 and 60: phrases in object position are comb
Page 61 and 62: . *J’ai beaucoup écrit ma thèse
Page 63 and 64: As mentioned above, a major problem
Page 65 and 66: She attributes this exceptional vio
Page 67 and 68:
(106) Different students answered d
Page 69 and 70:
(2) a. Dans cette cassette, il a be
Page 71 and 72:
(10) J’ai beaucoup appelé de mè
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(16) Theorem 2: For all s ∈ N, BC
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BCP 1 s ({x : ∃e(Reading(e,I,x) &
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c. *Marie beaucoup a lu de livres M
Page 79 and 80:
. la perte doit moult desplaire the
Page 81 and 82:
(28) Peu portent fruit et assez fue
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‘There are a lot of countries in
Page 85 and 86:
The second argument that Split [+Te
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3.3.3 Summary In the study of the e
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(40) J’ai beaucoup mangé de pomm
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(45) a. il confessa qu’il avoit b
Page 93 and 94:
(1) pas ‘not’, point ‘not’,
Page 95 and 96:
in this way to account for another
Page 97 and 98:
(10) is entirely true for Québec F
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avoid confusion, I therefore re-nam
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quantifiers Q ′ leads to the cons
Page 103 and 104:
and cannot combine with a one-place
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As first noticed by Obenauer (1976)
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4) The frequency adverb souvent ‘
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Nevertheless, Rizzi and Obenauer’
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forward: The polyadic elements comb
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quantifiers in Québec French, I st
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(Doetjes (2007)). (52) L’été pa
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I proposed that the elements that l
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Adams, Marianne. 1987.
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Doetjes, Jenny. 1997. Quantifiers a
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Labelle, Marie and Daniel Valois. 2
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Rowlett, Paul. 1996. Negative Confi
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