What Makes Something Alive - Virginia Department of Education

TOPIC 5 – What is a Food Chain?
Topic 5: Overall Information
Overview
In this group of lessons students will define what a food chain is and how each animal is
interconnected.
Topic 5 Virginia SOL
Science English Mathematics History & Social Science
2.1 a, b, c, d, e, h, i, j,
k, l, m
2.4 a
2.5 a, b
2.8 c
2.1
2.2 a, b, c, e
2.3 a, b, c, d, e
2.9 e, f
2.10
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.11 a, b
2.21
2.10 b
Teacher Background Knowledge
• A food chain is the transfer of food energy from one organism to another as each consumes a
lower member and in turn is preyed upon by a higher member. A food chain includes the sun,
plants, and animals.
• A food chain always starts with the sun, then plant life, and ends with an animal.
• An example of a simple food chain would be: The sun provides the energy for an acorn to grow
into an oak tree. Oak trees are a plant. Oak trees produce acorns. Squirrels eat acorns. Hawks
eat squirrels. When the hawk dies, decomposers break down the nutrients in the hawk‟s carcass
and return the nutrients to the soil. Plants can then use the nutrients.
• A food chain shows how each living thing gets its food. Some animals eat plants, some animals
eat other animals, and some animals eat both plants and animals.
• The further up the food chain you go, the less food (and hence energy) remains available.
• A food web is a series of food chains that are connected by a plant or animal that is common to
several chains.
• Within an ecosystem, all plants and animals are interdependent and interconnected. If one part
of the system is missing, the balance of the ecosystem is affected.
• A critical aspect of a problem-based task is the process. Students need to be able to articulate
how they solved the problem. Students need to justify and represent their thinking in multiple
ways. Not all students will solve a problem using the same approach and students benefit from
hearing each other‟s strategies. This process takes time and the focus is on how students solved
the problem, not just the final answer.
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Virginia Animals and their Habitats
Topic 5