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E C O N O MICS<br />

sion of its high-speed rail network, to un<strong>de</strong>rstand<br />

why there have been so many or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

from China for large aluminium extrusion<br />

presses.<br />

For many <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>s to come the <strong>de</strong>mand<br />

for aluminium will not be able to be covered<br />

by the return flow of end-of-life scrap alone.<br />

At best, that will cope with a good third of<br />

Advertisement<br />

the requirements. Nothing will change in that<br />

respect so long as the global <strong>de</strong>mand for aluminium<br />

continues growing more rapidly than<br />

the return flow of aluminium scrap. Thus, for<br />

the extension of recycling systems it is immaterial<br />

how large a proportion of recycled material<br />

there is in a particular product. So long<br />

as the aluminium <strong>de</strong>mand remains larger than<br />

the recycling pool from which that <strong>de</strong>mand<br />

can be satisfied, aluminium will always find a<br />

use, if not for product A, then for product B.<br />

Much more important is the question of<br />

where the massively exten<strong>de</strong>d recycling capacities<br />

will get their input from in a few years.<br />

For a <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong> Europe has been a net exporter<br />

of aluminium scrap. In 2011 alone, almost a<br />

million tonnes of aluminium scrap (955,285 t)<br />

were exported to third countries, while imports<br />

from third countries amounted to<br />

around 40 percent of that quantity (378,214 t).<br />

So the outflow of aluminium scrap from Europe<br />

amounted to 577,071 tonnes. Since 2001<br />

Europe has never been a net importer of aluminium<br />

scrap and over the period since then<br />

a total of 4.7 million tonnes have flowed out.<br />

That is: 4.7 million tonnes of valuable raw ma-<br />

terial, collected with much cost and effort, and<br />

in which approx. 66 million megawatts of energy<br />

are stored: an amount of energy with which<br />

a big city like Munich in Germany could be<br />

supplied with power for almost nine years.<br />

Securing domestic urban raw materials<br />

This largely unimpe<strong>de</strong>d outflow of urban raw<br />

materials from the EU is all the more un<strong>de</strong>sirable<br />

in that the European Union regards itself<br />

as leading the way internationally in the<br />

field of climate policy. On the other hand<br />

countries such as Russia and the Ukraine,<br />

which were previously important raw material<br />

sources for Europe’s recycling industry,<br />

have put up export barriers – export duties<br />

or export bans – on scrap. And China, the<br />

world’s largest importer of aluminium scrap,<br />

has put up numerous tra<strong>de</strong> barriers thanks to<br />

which Chinese scrap buyers can pay higher<br />

prices than European remelters.<br />

Free world tra<strong>de</strong> and open markets require<br />

economic <strong>de</strong>velopment, and this in a world<br />

which is ever more strongly interlinked. But<br />

free tra<strong>de</strong> must take place in accordance<br />

with clear rules that apply equally to all. In<br />

that respect Europe would be well advised, in<br />

light of its own scarcity of geo-raw-materials<br />

and its <strong>de</strong>manding climate policy targets, to<br />

campaign for a level playing field that ensures<br />

fair tra<strong>de</strong> with urban raw material sources.<br />

Summary<br />

aluminium plants & machinery<br />

Marketing & Sale of<br />

Used Machinery & Plants<br />

www.alteco.at<br />

In contrast to many non-metallic raw materials,<br />

aluminium can always be remelted without<br />

loss of quality and processed to make new<br />

products. It is outdated to draw a distinction<br />

between primary and secondary aluminium,<br />

that is aluminium produced from ores or from<br />

scrap. Already today metal melted from scrap<br />

is often mixed with smelted metal because it<br />

contains important<br />

alloying elements.<br />

Thus, urban raw materials<br />

are gaining in<br />

importance for the<br />

MELTING & CASTING<br />

EXTRUSION<br />

ROLLING<br />

FOIL ROLLING<br />

FOIL CONVERSION<br />

ALTECO <strong>Alu</strong>miniumtechnolgie Vertriebs u. Consulting GmbH<br />

Bogendorf 5, A-5145 Neukirchen, Austria<br />

Tel. +43(7729)2871-0 Fax: +43(7729)28714 Email: office@alteco.at<br />

raw materials supply<br />

and security of<br />

our economy.<br />

Author<br />

Christian Wellner is<br />

the executive director<br />

of the GDA (German<br />

Association of the<br />

<strong>Alu</strong>minium Industry),<br />

located in Düsseldorf.<br />

Seit<strong>de</strong>m flossen unterm Strich 4,7 Millionen<br />

Tonnen aus Europa ab. 4,7 Millionen Tonnen<br />

wertvoller urbaner Rohstoffe, die mit hohem<br />

Aufwand gesammelt wur<strong>de</strong>n und in <strong>de</strong>nen<br />

rund 66 Millionen Megawattstun<strong>de</strong>n Energie<br />

gespeichert sind. Eine Energiemenge, mit <strong>de</strong>r<br />

die Stadt München fast neun Jahre lang mit<br />

Strom versorgt wer<strong>de</strong>n könnte.<br />

Heimische urbane Rohstoffe sichern<br />

Dieser weitgehend ungehin<strong>de</strong>rte Abfluss an<br />

urbanen Rohstoffen aus <strong>de</strong>r EU ist umso ärgerlicher,<br />

als die Europäische Union sich als<br />

internationaler Vorreiter in <strong>de</strong>r Klimapolitik<br />

sieht. Auf <strong>de</strong>r an<strong>de</strong>ren Seite haben Län<strong>de</strong>r<br />

wie Russland und die Ukraine, die früher<br />

einmal wichtige Rohstoffquellen für die europäische<br />

<strong>Alu</strong>miniumrecyclingindustrie waren,<br />

Exportschranken – Exportzölle bzw. Exportverbote<br />

– auf Schrott errichtet. Und China,<br />

<strong>de</strong>r weltweit größte Importeur von <strong>Alu</strong>miniumschrott,<br />

hat zahlreiche Han<strong>de</strong>lsbarrieren<br />

aufgebaut, dank <strong>de</strong>rer chinesische Schrottaufkäufer<br />

einen höheren Schrottpreis zahlen<br />

können als europäische Umschmelzer.<br />

Freier Welthan<strong>de</strong>l und offene Märkte för<strong>de</strong>rn<br />

die Entwicklung von Volkswirtschaften,<br />

erst recht in einer Welt, die immer stärker<br />

vernetzt ist. Freier Han<strong>de</strong>l muss aber nach<br />

klaren und für alle gleichen Spielregeln erfolgen.<br />

Han<strong>de</strong>lsbarrieren wie ange<strong>de</strong>utet wi<strong>de</strong>rsprechen<br />

diesen Spielregeln. Hier ist Europa<br />

gut beraten, sich angesichts knapper eigener<br />

Geo-Rohstoffe und anspruchsvoller klimapolitischer<br />

Zielsetzungen für ein Level Playing<br />

Field einzusetzen, das einen fairen Han<strong>de</strong>l<br />

mit urbanen Rohstoffquellen garantiert.<br />

Fazit<br />

Im Gegensatz zu manchen nicht-metallischen<br />

Rohstoffen lässt sich <strong>Alu</strong>minium ohne Qualitätsverlust<br />

immer wie<strong>de</strong>r aufs Neue einschmelzen<br />

und zu neuen hochwertigen Produkten<br />

verarbeiten. Eine Unterscheidung<br />

zwischen Primär- und Sekundäraluminium,<br />

aus Erzen o<strong>de</strong>r aus Schrotten erzeugtem<br />

<strong>Alu</strong>minium, ist überholt. Bereits heute wird<br />

<strong>de</strong>m Hüttenmetall oft aus Schrotten erschmolzenes<br />

Metall beigefügt, weil sie wichtige Legierungselemente<br />

enthalten. Urbane Rohstoffquellen<br />

gewinnen daher eine wachsen<strong>de</strong><br />

Be<strong>de</strong>utung für die Rohstoffversorgung und<br />

-sicherheit unserer Volkswirtschaft.<br />

Autor<br />

Christian Wellner ist Geschäftsführer <strong>de</strong>s Gesamtverban<strong>de</strong>s<br />

<strong>de</strong>r <strong>Alu</strong>miniumindustrie e.V. mit Sitz in<br />

Düsseldorf.<br />

ALUMINIUM · 3/2013 21

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