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TECHNOLOGIE<br />

BMW setzt auf energieeffiziente Schmelzöfen von ZPF Therm<br />

Die ZPF Therm Maschinenbau GmbH<br />

hat an die neu gebaute Schmelzerei <strong>de</strong>s<br />

BMW-Werks in Landshut sechs gasbeheizte<br />

<strong>Alu</strong>minium-Schmelz- und Warmhalteöfen<br />

mit einer Schmelzleistung von<br />

je drei Tonnen pro Stun<strong>de</strong> geliefert. Die<br />

Anlagen bil<strong>de</strong>n das Herzstück <strong>de</strong>r neuen<br />

Schmelzerei.<br />

„Wir sind sehr stolz darauf, dass sich die<br />

Leichtmetallgießerei <strong>de</strong>s BMW-Werks Landshut<br />

im Zuge ihrer richtungweisen<strong>de</strong>n Än<strong>de</strong>rung<br />

im Produktionsprozess – nämlich <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Umstellung von Flüssig- auf Festmetallanlieferung<br />

– <strong>de</strong>r energieeffizienten Ofenanlagen<br />

von ZPF bedient“, sagt <strong>de</strong>r Geschäftsführer<br />

<strong>de</strong>r ZPF Group, Holger Groß. Die an das<br />

Werk Landshut gelieferten Ofenanlagen gehören<br />

zur ST-Baureihe von ZPF und damit zu<br />

<strong>de</strong>n großen Öfen <strong>de</strong>r Produktpalette – nicht<br />

nur hinsichtlich <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Schmelzkapazität. Die<br />

Abmessungen und das<br />

Gewicht von circa 70<br />

Tonnen je Anlage waren<br />

auch logistisch eine<br />

Herausfor<strong>de</strong>rung – sowohl<br />

bei <strong>de</strong>r Anlieferung<br />

als auch beim<br />

Platzieren am Standort,<br />

im oberen Stockwerk<br />

<strong>de</strong>r Schmelzerei.<br />

Die ST-Baureihe<br />

zeichnet sich durch das<br />

geschlossene Ofensystem<br />

und die umgekehrte<br />

Abgasführung<br />

aus. Die Schmelzbrenner erhitzen <strong>de</strong>n<br />

Schmelzschacht, dabei wer<strong>de</strong>n die Heißgase<br />

im Schacht verwirbelt. Um die verbleiben<strong>de</strong><br />

Wärmeenergie zu nutzen, wer<strong>de</strong>n die Heißgase<br />

anschließend über das Warmhaltebad<br />

geleitet, das sich durch die Restwärme <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Schmelzvorgangs erwärmt. Der Badbrenner<br />

greift nur regulierend o<strong>de</strong>r im reinen Warmhaltebetrieb<br />

ein. Die Heißgase gelangen nach<br />

<strong>de</strong>r Schmelzzone in die Nachverbrennungszone,<br />

wo die thermische Nachverbrennung<br />

einsetzt.<br />

Durch die hohe Temperatur und eine entsprechend<br />

lange Verweilzeit wer<strong>de</strong>n praktisch<br />

alle organischen Schadstoffe zersetzt. Dieses<br />

Verfahren ist das optimale und lufthygienisch<br />

beste Verfahren, da die Abgase bis auf die<br />

Frem<strong>de</strong>lemente Stickstoff, Schwefel und Halogene<br />

komplett zu Wasser und Kohlendioxid<br />

umgesetzt wer<strong>de</strong>n. Für die Nachverbrennung<br />

ZPF Therm supplies energyefficient<br />

smelting furnaces to BMW<br />

ZPF Therm Maschinenbau GmbH has<br />

supplied six gas-fired aluminium smelting<br />

and holding furnaces, each with a smelting<br />

capacity of three tonnes per hour, for<br />

the newly-built smelting plant at BMW<br />

in Landshut. The furnaces form the core<br />

of the new smelting plant.<br />

Die ST-Baureihe von ZPF zeichnet sich durch das geschlossene Ofensystem<br />

und die umgekehrte Abgasführung aus / ZPF’s ST series features an enclosed<br />

furnace system and inverted exhaust gas routing<br />

“We are very proud that the light alloy<br />

foundry at BMW’s Landshut works is <strong>de</strong>ploying<br />

ZPF’s energy-efficient furnaces in the<br />

course of their pioneering production process<br />

change from liquid to solid metal <strong>de</strong>livery,”<br />

says Holger Gross, general manager of<br />

the ZPF group. The furnaces <strong>de</strong>livered to the<br />

Landshut factory come from ZPF’s ST series<br />

and are therefore the big furnaces in the<br />

product range – and not only in terms of their<br />

smelting capacity. Their size, and the fact that<br />

each furnace weighs around 70 tonnes, also<br />

meant that not only <strong>de</strong>livery to the site but<br />

also manoeuvring them into place on the upper<br />

floor of the smelting plant presented a<br />

major logistical challenge.<br />

The ST series features an enclosed furnace<br />

system and inverted exhaust gas routing.<br />

The smelt burners heat the melting shaft,<br />

which causes swirling in the hot gases in the<br />

shaft. In or<strong>de</strong>r to make use of the remaining<br />

energy, the hot gases are subsequently routed<br />

over the holding bath. The holding bath is<br />

therefore heated by residual heat from the<br />

smelting process. The bath burner only cuts<br />

in to regulate the temperature or purely in<br />

holding mo<strong>de</strong>. The hot gases reach the reburn<br />

zone behind the smelting zone where<br />

© ZPF Therm<br />

thermal post-combustion takes place.<br />

Practically all organic contaminants are<br />

broken down by the high temperature and<br />

a correspondingly long dwell time. Thermal<br />

post-combustion is the optimum process in<br />

relation to air quality because apart from<br />

external elements of nitrogen, sulphur and<br />

halogens the exhaust gases are completely<br />

converted to water and carbon dioxi<strong>de</strong>. No<br />

additional fuel is required for reburning. The<br />

necessary 750 to 1000 °C come exclusively<br />

from the smelting process.<br />

The purified exhaust gases are discharged<br />

from the furnace behind the post-combustion<br />

zone. No additional air filtering equipment<br />

is required. These extremely hot and<br />

clean gases can be used to further optimise<br />

energy management (heat recovery, water<br />

heating, cold production, factory heating, preheating<br />

chambers for aluminium).<br />

Hydraulic loading systems are used to load<br />

the smelting plants. The material containers<br />

used at BMW are transported into the loading<br />

system in a filling station. Between each<br />

of the three pairs of furnaces there is a loading<br />

system which fills either the furnace to<br />

the left or the right with recycled material as<br />

required. The compact packages of aluminium<br />

are placed directly on the smelting ramp<br />

by a fork lift truck. This permits an additional<br />

large lift door on the front of the furnace.<br />

In ZPF’s estimation, two major trends can<br />

be <strong>de</strong>tected amongst vehicle manufacturers.<br />

Firstly, the alloy nee<strong>de</strong>d for casting will in<br />

future be supplied mainly as solid metal and<br />

less as liquid metal. Secondly, manufacturers<br />

no longer send back most of the recycled<br />

material which accumulates during casting<br />

to a refining works but melt it down again in<br />

their own smelting and holding furnaces. Both<br />

<strong>de</strong>velopments point to growth potential for<br />

the ZPF group.<br />

ZPF Therm Maschinenbau has been building<br />

and supplying customer-specific furnaces<br />

for the light alloy processing industry for<br />

almost 20 years. The company pays particular<br />

attention in its products to the increasing<br />

<strong>de</strong>mands of the sector in terms of energy,<br />

raw materials and environmental efficiency.<br />

Each of ZPF’s furnaces is an illustration of<br />

the fact that highly cost-effective production<br />

and ecological sustainability are by no means<br />

mutually exclusive.<br />

■<br />

56 ALUMINIUM · 3/2013

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