Statistical Analysis of Trends in the Red River Over a 45 Year Period

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CONCENTR 0.5 1 ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! 00 RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AT EMERSON, MANITOBA dchlo ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 POINTS: SEASONALLY ADJUSTED AND FLOW!ADJUSTED DATA LINE: TREND ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! CONCENTR 0.5 1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1955 1960 196 ! + TREND ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !!! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1995 2000 2005 2010 ! ! CONCENTRATION, CONCENTRATION, AS BASE!10 BASE!10 LOGARITHM LOGARITHM 0.5 0.5 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 3 3 POINTS: SEASONALLY ADJUSTED AND DETRENDED DATA LINE: ANNUAL STREAMFLOW!RELATED ANOMALY ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! !! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 ! 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Figure A.72: Dissolved Chloride Flow Adjustments — Seasonally adjusted and flow 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 adjusted data (points) and single trend (line). ! RESIDUAL !4 !3 !2 !1 0 1 2 3 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1955 1960 196 ! ! ! ! ! JUSTED DATA POINTS: PARMA MODEL RESIDUALS LINE: LOWESS SMOOTH WITH F= 0.5 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1995 2000 2005 2010 ! RESIDUAL !4 !3 !2 !1 0 1 2 3 4 ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 ! Figure A.73: Dissolved Chloride Flow Adjustments — Parametric single trend model residuals (points) and lowess smooth line with F = 0.5. 94
05102500 RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AT EMERSON dtds POINTS: RECORDED DATA LINE: STREAMFLOW!RELATED ANOMALY + TREND CONCENTRATION, AS BASE!10 LOGARITHM 2 2.5 3 3.5 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! CONCENTRATION, AS BASE!10 LOGARITHM 2 2.5 3 3.5 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1955 1960 19 500 RED RIVER OF THE Figure NORTH A.74: AT EMERSON, Total Dissolved MANITOBA Solids concentrations (points) and streamflow related dtds POINTS: SEASONALLY ADJUSTED AND FLOW!ADJUSTED DATA anomaly + trend (line) LINE: TREND + TREND ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! CONCENTRATION, CONCENTRATION, AS BASE!10 BASE!10 LOGARITHM LOGARITHM 2 2 2.5 2.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 POINTS: SEASONALLY ADJUSTED AND DETRENDED DATA LINE: ANNUAL STREAMFLOW!RELATED ANOMALY ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 ! ! ! RESIDUAL !4 !3 !2 !1 0 1 2 3 4 1955 1960 19 1995 2000 2005 2010 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 JUSTED DATA Figure A.75: Total Dissolved Solids Flow Adjustments — Seasonally adjusted and POINTS: PARMA MODEL RESIDUALS LINE: LOWESS SMOOTH WITH F= 0.5 de-trended data (points) and annual streamflow-related anomaly (line). ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! DUAL 1 2 3 4 95! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Page 1 and 2:
Statistical Analysis of Trends in t
Page 3 and 4:
5 Comparison of Non-Parametric and
Page 5 and 6:
List of Figures 1.1 The Red River B
Page 7 and 8:
A.8 Boxplot of Specific Conductance
Page 9 and 10:
A.41 Dissolved Calcium Flow Adjustm
Page 11 and 12:
A.67 Dissolved Sulphate Flow Adjust
Page 13 and 14:
A.93 Specific Conductance Flow Adju
Page 15 and 16:
Mann-Kendall or Seasonal Mann-Kenda
Page 17 and 18:
Using ancillary data, data obtained
Page 19 and 20:
Chapter 1 Introduction The Red Rive
Page 21 and 22:
oped by Aldo Vecchia (United States
Page 23 and 24:
Chapter 2 Streamflow Data and Conce
Page 25 and 26:
Table 2.1: Selected characteristics
Page 27 and 28:
of testing for seasonality. If it y
Page 29 and 30:
Table 2.3: Sample size of stations
Page 31 and 32:
Figure 3.1: Mean monthly streamflow
Page 33 and 34:
v.1.56. CAS# n/a WQStat Plus TM BOX
Page 35 and 36:
concentrations of major anions and
Page 37 and 38:
Table 3.3: Kruskal-Wallis test for
Page 39 and 40:
The N ′ individual slope estimate
Page 41 and 42:
As most parameters consistently exh
Page 43 and 44:
Table 3.4: Seasonal Mann-Kendall Te
Page 45 and 46:
Chapter 4 Parametric Methods used f
Page 47 and 48:
log denotes the base-10 logarithm;
Page 49 and 50:
Figure 4.1: Daily Streamflow at Eme
Page 51 and 52:
Figures 4.3-4.8 depict the recorded
Page 53 and 54:
1 1 CONCENTR CONCENTR 1955 1960 196
Page 55 and 56:
Table 4.1: Fitted Single Linear Tre
Page 57 and 58:
Chapter 5 Comparison of Non-Paramet
Page 59 and 60:
5.2 Future Recommendations First an
Page 61 and 62: • Uses full power of the maximum
Page 63 and 64: Hamed, Khaled.,; 2008, Trend Detect
Page 65 and 66: Appendix A Figures A.1 Boxplots of
Page 67 and 68: v.1.56. CAS# n/a WQStat Plus TM BOX
Page 69 and 70: Figure A.7: Boxplot of Total Dissol
Page 71 and 72: v.1.56. CAS# n/a WQStat Plus BOX &
Page 73 and 74: Figure A.13: Seasonality pattern of
Page 75 and 76: A.3 Non-Parametric Trend Results Th
Page 77 and 78: Figure A.19: Long term temporal tre
Page 85 and 86: A.4 Parametric Trend Results The fo
Page 87 and 88: Figure A.31: Dissolved Sodium at Em
Page 89 and 90: Figure A.33: Dissolved Magnesium at
Page 91 and 92: Figure A.35: Dissolved Chloride at
Page 93 and 94: Figure A.37: Specific Conductance a
Page 95 and 96: 05102500 RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AT
Page 97 and 98: 1 1 CONCENTR CONCENTR 500 RED RIVER
Page 99 and 100: CONCENTR 500 RED RIVER OF THE NORTH
Page 103 and 104: CONCENTR ● CONCENTR 0 0 1955 1960
Page 105 and 106: CONCENTR CONCENTR 00 RED RIVER OF T
Page 109 and 110: CONCENTR 1 1.5 ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !
Page 111: CONCENTR 0.5 1 ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! !
Page 115 and 116: CONCENTR ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Page 117 and 118: CONCENTR ! CONCENTR 2 2 1955 1960 1
Page 119 and 120: A.5.2 South Floodway at St. Norbert
Page 121 and 122: CONCENT ! CONCENT 2 2 floodway dspc
Page 123 and 124: A.5.3 Selkirk Monitoring Station 10
Page 125 and 126: CONCENT ! CONCENT 2 2 selkirk dspc
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Statistical Analysis of Trends in the Red River Over a 45 Year Period

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