Statistical Analysis of Trends in the Red River Over a 45 Year Period

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with those of the non-parametric method and since the non-parametric method tests for a single linear trend we will examine the single linear trends of the parametric methods. For the constituents at the South Floodway monitoring station, a no trend model was fitted for three constituents, dissolved sulphate, dissolved chloride and specific conductance. However, since QWTREND has quite specific requirements as stated earlier, for the South Floodway at St. Norbert and Selkirk monitoring stations the only constituent with enough data for trend analysis is specific conductance. There was found to be a 34.9% significant increase in specific conductance from 1976-2007 with a p-value < 0.001 and for the Selkirk monitoring station there was a 30.9% significant increase in concentration from 1976-2007 with a p-value < 0.001 as well. Both of these results contradicted the insignificant results obtained by using the non-parametric methods. 38
Chapter 5 Comparison of Non-Parametric and Parametric Results and Future Recommendations 5.1 Comparisons The non-parametric method is more simple to employ and can be done with less data as opposed to the specific requirements of QWTREND. Small sample size and short period of record coupled with the high variability in data make the detection of statistically significant trends using the parametric approach quite difficult. However, QWTREND allows one to fit trends using an exploratory approach that indicate the approximate times and directions of changes in concentrations. In order to explain the change this program will also allow the introduction of ancillary data to see if the changes are a result of human causes (ie, changes in land use, agricultural practices, sewage treatment, etc.) (Vecchia, 2004). Both methods exhibited similarities with significant trend results amongst dissolved Sodium, dissolved Potassium and dissolved Magnesium. The significance of the trend for dissolved Calcium can not be computed however from looking at 39
Page 1 and 2:
Statistical Analysis of Trends in t
Page 3 and 4:
5 Comparison of Non-Parametric and
Page 5 and 6: List of Figures 1.1 The Red River B
Page 7 and 8: A.8 Boxplot of Specific Conductance
Page 9 and 10: A.41 Dissolved Calcium Flow Adjustm
Page 11 and 12: A.67 Dissolved Sulphate Flow Adjust
Page 13 and 14: A.93 Specific Conductance Flow Adju
Page 15 and 16: Mann-Kendall or Seasonal Mann-Kenda
Page 17 and 18: Using ancillary data, data obtained
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 Introduction The Red Rive
Page 21 and 22: oped by Aldo Vecchia (United States
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 Streamflow Data and Conce
Page 25 and 26: Table 2.1: Selected characteristics
Page 27 and 28: of testing for seasonality. If it y
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.3: Sample size of stations
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3.1: Mean monthly streamflow
Page 33 and 34: v.1.56. CAS# n/a WQStat Plus TM BOX
Page 35 and 36: concentrations of major anions and
Page 37 and 38: Table 3.3: Kruskal-Wallis test for
Page 39 and 40: The N ′ individual slope estimate
Page 41 and 42: As most parameters consistently exh
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.4: Seasonal Mann-Kendall Te
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 4 Parametric Methods used f
Page 47 and 48: log denotes the base-10 logarithm;
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4.1: Daily Streamflow at Eme
Page 51 and 52: Figures 4.3-4.8 depict the recorded
Page 53 and 54: 1 1 CONCENTR CONCENTR 1955 1960 196
Page 55: Table 4.1: Fitted Single Linear Tre
Page 59 and 60: 5.2 Future Recommendations First an
Page 61 and 62: • Uses full power of the maximum
Page 63 and 64: Hamed, Khaled.,; 2008, Trend Detect
Page 65 and 66: Appendix A Figures A.1 Boxplots of
Page 67 and 68: v.1.56. CAS# n/a WQStat Plus TM BOX
Page 69 and 70: Figure A.7: Boxplot of Total Dissol
Page 71 and 72: v.1.56. CAS# n/a WQStat Plus BOX &
Page 73 and 74: Figure A.13: Seasonality pattern of
Page 75 and 76: A.3 Non-Parametric Trend Results Th
Page 77 and 78: Figure A.19: Long term temporal tre
Page 85 and 86: A.4 Parametric Trend Results The fo
Page 87 and 88: Figure A.31: Dissolved Sodium at Em
Page 89 and 90: Figure A.33: Dissolved Magnesium at
Page 91 and 92: Figure A.35: Dissolved Chloride at
Page 93 and 94: Figure A.37: Specific Conductance a
Page 95 and 96: 05102500 RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AT
Page 97 and 98: 1 1 CONCENTR CONCENTR 500 RED RIVER
Page 99 and 100: CONCENTR 500 RED RIVER OF THE NORTH
Page 101 and 102: 05102500 RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AT
Page 103 and 104: CONCENTR ● CONCENTR 0 0 1955 1960
Page 105 and 106: CONCENTR CONCENTR 00 RED RIVER OF T
Page 107 and 108:
05102500 RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AT
Page 109 and 110:
CONCENTR 1 1.5 ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !
Page 111 and 112:
CONCENTR 0.5 1 ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! !
Page 113 and 114:
05102500 RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AT
Page 115 and 116:
CONCENTR ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Page 117 and 118:
CONCENTR ! CONCENTR 2 2 1955 1960 1
Page 119 and 120:
A.5.2 South Floodway at St. Norbert
Page 121 and 122:
CONCENT ! CONCENT 2 2 floodway dspc
Page 123 and 124:
A.5.3 Selkirk Monitoring Station 10
Page 125 and 126:
CONCENT ! CONCENT 2 2 selkirk dspc
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Statistical Analysis of Trends in the Red River Over a 45 Year Period

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