Ardagh Glass Finance plc - Irish Stock Exchange
Ardagh Glass Finance plc - Irish Stock Exchange
Ardagh Glass Finance plc - Irish Stock Exchange
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)<br />
14. Financial assets and liabilities<br />
Financial Risk Factors<br />
The financial risk management activities of the Group are subject to controls imposed by the<br />
board of directors. The overall objective of the board, in the management of the various treasury<br />
related risks faced by the Group in the normal course of business, is to protect the underlying value of<br />
the business from changes in the value of underlying markets. Financial risks are managed, on an<br />
on-going basis, by the directors on the advice of senior management. The Group does not permit the<br />
use of treasury instruments for speculative purposes, under any circumstances.<br />
The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including interest rate<br />
risk and foreign currency risk), energy risk, credit risk and liquidity risk.<br />
Interest Rate Risk Management<br />
The directors’ policy, in the management of interest rate risk, is to strike the right balance between<br />
the Group’s fixed and floating rate balance sheet financial instruments. The balance struck by the<br />
directors is dependent on prevailing interest rate markets at any point in time.<br />
The Group’s interest rate risk arises from long-term borrowings. Borrowings issued at variable<br />
rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk. Borrowings issued at fixed rates expose the<br />
Group to fair value interest rate risk. During 2008 and 2007, the Group’s borrowings at variable rate<br />
were denominated in Euro and the UK pound.<br />
The Group manages its cash flow interest rate risk by using floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps.<br />
Such interest rate swaps have the economic effect of converting borrowings from floating rates to fixed<br />
rates. Generally, the Group raises long-term borrowings at floating rates and swaps them into fixed<br />
rates that are lower than those available if the Group borrowed at fixed rates directly. Under the<br />
interest rate swaps, the Group agrees with other parties to exchange, at specified intervals (primarily<br />
quarterly), the difference between fixed contract rates and floating-rate interest amounts calculated by<br />
reference to the agreed notional amounts.<br />
At 31 December 2008, the Group’s borrowings were 77% (2007: 86%) fixed (after including the<br />
impact of interest rate swaps) with a weighted average interest rate of 7.54% (2007: 7.46%).<br />
Foreign Currency Risk Management<br />
The Group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various<br />
currency exposures, primarily with respect to the UK pound but also Swedish Krona, Danish Kroner<br />
and Polish Zloty. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions, recognised assets<br />
and liabilities and net investments in foreign operations.<br />
The Group has certain investments in foreign operations, whose net assets are exposed to foreign<br />
currency translation risk. Currency exposure arising from the net assets of the Group’s foreign<br />
operations is managed primarily through borrowings denominated in the relevant foreign currencies.<br />
In addition to currency translation risk, <strong>Ardagh</strong> is subject to currency transaction risk. <strong>Ardagh</strong>’s<br />
policy is, where practical, to match net investments in foreign currencies with borrowings in the same<br />
currency. In order to provide a ‘‘natural’’ hedge, <strong>Ardagh</strong> currently has some of its borrowings that<br />
relate to the U.K. operations in pounds. Interest payments in pounds help to offset exposure to<br />
fluctuations in pre-tax profits, as measured in Euro, due to currency fluctuation, while pounddenominated<br />
debt is matched by pound-denominated assets. However, the debt and interest payments<br />
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