3.0 Affected Environment - Knik Arm Bridge and Toll Authority

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Knik Arm Crossing DraftFinal EIS Affected Environment The POA has 528 acres of developed or economically developable uplands and 1,000 acres of tidelands. Its 2004 Operating Budget included revenues of $9.8 million and expenses of $7.9 million. 3.2.3.2.6 State of Alaska The State of Alaska’s FY 2006 Enacted Budget has projected revenues of $7.119.4 billion. Total authorized spending is $7.079.6 billion. Education funding is $887.4 million and the Alaska State Troopers are budgeted to receive $85.5 million (State of Alaska 2005). ARRC had revenues of $116 million in 2004, net income of $15.4 million, and an end-ofyear fund equity of $150 million. 3.2.4 Population and Social Groups This section describes the demographic characteristics of the Study Area, including population size, ethnicity and race, and income, as well as the changing social and economic relationships of its communities. Any disproportionately high and adverse effects on minority and low-income populations— environmental justice impacts—are discussed in Section 4.3.6. 3.2.4.1 Population size In 1975, the City of Anchorage merged with the Greater Anchorage Area Borough to form the Municipality of Anchorage (Anchorage). Although almost half of Alaska’s residents reside in Anchorage, only about 10 percent of the municipality’s 1,961 square miles is inhabited (ISER 2005). The population in 2004 was 277,498 (Figure 3.14). The Mat-Su is a second class borough 21 incorporated in 1964. It is the third-largest borough in the state, both physically and in terms of population. The borough is about 25,000 square miles, more than 12 times the size of Anchorage. Approximately 11 percent of that land is in private (including Native Corporation land) or municipal ownership and could be developed. 22 The Mat-Su is the fastest growing region of the state, largely because of its proximity to Anchorage. Most of the population resides in the Core Area, around the cities of Palmer and Wasilla, and within the three incorporated cities of Houston, Palmer, and Wasilla (MSB 2003a). The estimated population in 2004 was 70,148 (Figure 3.14). 21 All boroughs in Alaska must provide educational services, levy taxes, and exercise their land use regulatory powers. A second-class borough has the option of providing transportation and road services, water and air pollution control, solid and septic waste regulation, and of exercising several other governmental powers. 22 Data were calculated by HDR Alaska, Inc., from Mat-Su Borough geographic information system data. Page 3-70 12/18/07
Knik Arm Crossing DraftFinal EIS Affected Environment Population (000s) 400 350 300 Matanuska- Susitna Borough 250 200 150 Municipality of Anchorage 100 50 0 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 Year Figure 3.14. Population of Municipality of Anchorage and Matanuska-Susitna Borough – 1980–2004. The Mat-Su share of the regional population has increased steadily over the past several decades. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2005; Alaska Department of Labor 2005a) Recent migration data show that Anchorage continues to be the state’s major hub of migration movement, both within Alaska, and to and from other states (Williams 2004). Shifting regional settlement patterns are changing the Anchorage Bowl’s relationship with outlying areas of the municipality and the Mat-Su. Between 1990 and 1998, the proportion of Anchorage residents living in satellite communities in the Chugiak-Eagle River area rose from about 7 percent to 12 percent. Since 1980, all areas within the Anchorage Bowl have experienced growth. The rate of growth, however, has been slower in Northeast and Northwest Anchorage (MOA 2001a). In recent years, no other area of Alaska has come close to the Mat-Su’s population growth rate (Fried 2003). During the 1990s, the movement of people from Anchorage to the Mat-Su was the largest single net migration flow in Alaska, accounting for about 1,000 persons a year. By 2004, the Mat-Su was home to 11 percent of Alaska’s population, up from 7 percent in 1990. 3.2.4.2 Race Anchorage’s population is only slightly less racially and ethnically diverse than the state’s— 70 percent White in 2000 versus 69 percent statewide (Table 3-7). A growing population of residents of Asian descent is a major contributor to the increased diversity in Anchorage. 12/18/07 Page 3-71
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3.0 Affected Environment - Knik Arm Bridge and Toll Authority

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