stonehenge - English Heritage

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047-120 section 2.qxd 6/21/05 4:20 PM Page 93 known as By Way 10 was gifted to the nation in 1918 by Mr (later Sir) Cecil Chubb. A programme of restoration and investigation was instigated by the Ministry of Works in 1919 and lasted through to 1926 (Chippindale 2004, 179–83). Much of the surrounding land was acquired by the National Trust piecemeal from 1927 onwards when about 587ha was purchased following a public appeal; the estate totalled about 760ha by 1990. As part of the management of the estate through to the later twentieth century much arable land was returned to pasture and a selection of monuments was restored to the condition they had been in the 1950s. Further excavations took place at Stonehenge itself most years between 1950 and 1959 with some later work in 1964 and 1978 (Cleal et al. 1995, 11–12). In 1967–8 a major infrastructure development took place north of the A344 to the northwest of Stonehenge to create car-parks, visitor facilities, and an underpass to provide access to the monument (Illustration 73). A Stonehenge Festival took place in fields around Fargo Plantation between 1974 and 1985, eventually leading to a decade or more of conflict and tension between the authorities and a wide range of interest groups (Chippindale 1986b; Dobinson 1992; Bender 1998). From the mid 1970s, Stonehenge became the only ancient monument in England to be subject to its own piece of parliamentary legislation with the passing of the Stonehenge Regulations which were revised in 1983 and updated again in 1997 (Statutory Instrument 1997 No. 2038). These regulations provide controls over public access to Stonehenge and its surroundings. Illustration 70 Vertical aerial photograph of the area north of Stonehenge, taken on Christmas Eve 1943 by the USAF. North is to the top. In the upper part of the view is the Larkhill Garrison with traces of an underlying prehistoric fieldsystem between the buildings. Earthwork remains of defensive trenches and emplacements can be seen. The Stonehenge Cursus runs obliquely across the frame just below centre; some of the mounds of the Cursus barrow cemetery are visible bottom left. [Photograph: US/7PH/ GP/LOC122/1062 English Heritage (NMR) USAAF Photography.] Illustration 71 The Lorraine/Wilson memorial at Airman’s Cross on the A360/A344/ B3046 junction west of Stonehenge. [Photograph: Timothy Darvill. Copyright reserved.] 93
047-120 section 2.qxd 6/21/05 4:20 PM Page 94 Iluustration 72 Stonehenge for tourists. (top) Cartoon vision of how things might have been if adjacent land was developed. (middle) How Stonehenge might have been popularized if the Government had bought the site, through the eyes of Punch (30 August 1899). (bottom) View westward from Stonehenge Bottom in 1930 with the Custodian’s cottages to the left and the Stonehenge Café to the right. [Reproduced courtesy of the Illustrated London News Picture Library (top), Punch (middle), and English Heritage FLO1500/02/003 (NMR) (bottom).] 94
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stonehenge - English Heritage

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