GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

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Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) Figure 11: Map of completed International Repeat Hydrography Program sections, with colours indicating the country responsible. The dashed lines indicate data not submitted to the internationally-agreed data archive. 83 Data from certain hydrographic lines led by scientists from nearly all the countries involved in the Program have not yet been submitted to the international data archive. Action O25 [IP-04 O26] Action: Sustain the Ship-of-Opportunity XBT/XCTD transoceanic network of about 40 sections. Who: Parties’ national agencies, coordinated through the Ship Observations Team of JCOMM. Time-Frame: Continuing. Performance Indicator: Data submitted to archive. Percentage coverage of the sections. Annual Cost Implications: 1-10M US$ (Mainly by Annex-I Parties). The Argo Project through its Steering Team and in collaboration with the Observations Coordinating Group of JCOMM will seek to sustain the initial global network of about 3000 floats (3°x3° resolution) through long-term maintenance (estimated to require about 800 float deployments per year). Action O26 [IP-04 O27] Action: Sustain the network of about 3000 Argo global profiling floats, reseeding the network with replacement floats to fill gaps, and maintain density (about 800 per year). Who: Parties participating in the Argo Project and in cooperation with the Observations Coordination Group of JCOMM. Time-Frame: Continuous. Performance Indicator: Number of reporting floats. Percentage of network deployed. Annual Cost Implications: 30-100M US$ (10% in non-Annex-I Parties). The Tropical Moored Buoy Implementation Panel of JCOMM, in cooperation with CLIVAR and the International Reference Time Series Mooring project, should seek to maintain the tropical Pacific array, develop plans for, and implement an Indian Ocean tropical moored array pilot project. The now established Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Atlantic (PIRATA) also needs maintaining. (see also Action O8). 83 http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/RepeatSections/repeat_map.html 94
Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) Action O27 [IP-04 O28] Action: Complete implementation of the current Tropical Moored Buoy, a total network of about 120 moorings. Who: Parties national agencies, coordinated through the Tropical Mooring Panel of JCOMM. Time-Frame: Array complete by 2011. Performance Indicator: Data acquisition at International Data Centres. Annual Cost Implications: 30-100M US$ 84 (20% in non-Annex-I Parties). WCRP will encourage the development of ocean climate reanalyses, including all appropriate historical data assimilated into ocean models, to create climate variability and trend analyses, and to support seasonal-interannual to decadal climate prediction. They will also encourage other efforts to develop analyses and reliable datasets and products of climate variability and trends. Action O28 [IP-04 O29] Action: Develop projects designed to assemble the in situ and satellite data into a composite reference reanalysis dataset, and to sustain projects to assimilate the data into models in ocean reanalysis projects. Who: Parties’ national ocean research programmes and space supported by WCRP. Time-Frame: Continuous. Performance Indicator: Project for data assembly launched, availability and scientific use of ocean reanalysis products. Annual Cost Implications: 1-10M US$ (10% in non-Annex-I Parties). For the biogeochemical and ecological variables, the extension of systematic observations from the fixed moored buoy reference network needs to occur through first the development of new technology, and then through the deployment of this technology. There is an overarching requirement for research and development and testing of new autonomous technologies and approaches for biogeochemical and ecological variables that cannot currently be measured in that manner. Action O29 [IP-04 O30] Action: Work with research programmes to develop autonomous capability for biogeochemical and ecological variables, for deployment on OceanSITES and in other pilot project reference sites. Who: Parties’ national ocean research programmes, in cooperation with the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research, Surface Ocean – Lower Atmosphere Study, and Land- Oceans Interactions in the Coastal Zone of IGBP. Time-Frame: Continuing. Performance Indicators: Systems available for measuring pCO 2 , ocean acidity, oxygen, nutrients, phytoplankton, marine biodiversity, habitats, with other ecosystem parameters available for use in reference network applications. Annual Cost Implications: 1-10M US$ (50% in non-Annex-I Parties). 5.2.2. Specific issues – Oceanic Sub-surface ECVs ECV – Sub-surface Temperature Knowledge of the global variability and change of ocean sub-surface temperature is essential for climate forecasting and for evaluation of climate change model performance. Satellite altimetry provides some information about vertically integrated variability, but in situ observations are essential for accuracy and vertical resolution. A composite system, using a variety of sensors and deployment platforms is the most cost-effective means for sampling variability and change on seasonal and longer time scales. Networks contributing to the ocean sub-surface temperature observing system include: • XBT section network. • Argo array. • Full ocean depth survey network. 84 See also Action O8. 95
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FOREWORD This 2010 Update of the Im
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6. TERRESTRIAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SY
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