GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

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Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) The primary network contributing to sub-surface tracers is the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP), complemented by research observations. With technology development, some tracers are expected to be observable from the time series reference moorings within the decade; pilot project use, as development proceeds, should be a priority. To attain adequate sampling, the following technical challenges must be overcome: • Improved technology for small water volume measurements needed. • Technology development needed for autonomous sensors. See Actions O5, O15 and O24. ECV – Sub-surface Currents Ocean sub-surface current information is needed in order to estimate oceanic transport, as well as to identify ocean circulation changes, including the onset of abrupt ocean overturning. Observing networks and systems contributing to the observation of sub-surface currents and transports are: • Argo float displacements. • Reference mooring network. • Tropical moored buoy network. Issues facing the ocean observing community in the effort to observe the ocean circulation parameters adequately for climate objectives are the following: • Argo array needs global completion. • Agreed plan for key regional transport monitoring efforts (e.g., choke points, sill overflows, boundary currents, meridional overturning circulation) needed. • Tropical and reference station currents seriously under-sampled for change detection. See Actions O18, O22 and O26-O29. 5.3. Oceanic Domain – Data Management Section 3.7 of this Plan introduced the data management needs and some general issues together with associated Actions. There are additional issues within the oceanic domain however that also require specific Actions. The coordination of ocean data management activities is principally carried out through the IODE of IOC and the ICSU, and the Data Management Coordination Group of JCOMM that in turn works closely with the data management programmes of WMO. Tables 11 and 12 list international data centres and archives associated with ocean observing systems (rightmost column). A plan for comprehensive data management procedures has been published 86 as well as an IOC data strategy. 87 The JCOMM plan recognises the contribution of the joint JCOMM-IODE pilot project for end-to-end data management as well as recommending a wide spectrum of other data management activities that are needed and being addressed. Details of the procedures are in preparation by IODE and JCOMM in cooperation with the WMO CIMO, and will be a part of a pilot project in the WIGOS for oceanographic and marine meteorological data. Wider implementation of the plan by ocean data managers is needed. 86 JCOMM (2008): JCOMM Data Management Plan. JCOMM Technical Report No. 40, http://www.jcomm.info/components/com_oe/oe.php?task=download&id=5205&version=1.0&lang=1&format=1 87 IOC (2007): IOC Strategic Plan for Oceanographic Data and Information Management (2008-2011). IOC Manuals and Guides No. 51, http://www.ioc-unesco.org/components/com_oe/oe.php?task=download&id=6139&version=1.0&lang=1&format=1 98
Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) Within the framework of the WIS, WMO is working towards the adoption of metadata standards and the extension of the current GTS by introducing new internet-based technology. Any actions taken for ocean data management will inevitably be linked to, or included within, these activities of WMO. Three data management functions within the oceanic domain are particularly important: Firstly, the ability to efficiently and effectively communicate data (and metadata) from platforms that are often remotely located and/or autonomous. While most products required by GCOS do not demand realtime acquisition, experience has shown that a policy of immediate acquisition is the most effective for assuring that data are available, exchanged and submitted in at least preliminary form to International Data Centres. Telecommunication from platforms such as moorings, drifters and floats is limited, and in some cases this means measurements are lost. Various groups currently do provide data telecommunication services to the ocean community (e.g., Argos), and these services will continue to be a critical contribution. However, to implement the networks and systems being proposed, the community requires at least an order of magnitude increase in telecommunications capacity and, for some systems, an increase of 100 times is necessary. Secondly, there is the function of data transport between the various components of the networks. The ocean community has, to date, made extensive use of the WMO WIS for exchange of data in real time and near-real time. Other datasets, particularly from hydrographic cruises, are exchanged via other means. Wherever practical, ocean data should be exchanged freely in real time. This policy has been followed with Argo and, increasingly, in other endeavours contributing to the oceanic climate observing system. The definitions adopted by OOPC and JCOMM for “operational” status in effect demand such arrangements. Recently, increasing use has been made of internet systems to exchange data and, in particular, using the Open Source Data Access Protocol (OPeNDAP) protocol. Yet other systems are being considered by WMO within the WIS. Thirdly, the function of data assembly and quality control are critical for ensuring that the global ocean data meet the climate-quality standards and are accessible to users. The Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean Array (TAO) and initiatives such as those of the Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Project have ushered in an era of greatly improved access to data, greater reliability of delivery and access and improved quality, and have facilitated and made more efficient data assembly procedures. In concert with the Data Assembly Centre activities of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (in part continued through IODE and CLIVAR), the community is now better able to produce high-quality datasets, in time-frames that are necessary for some climate issues. Through JCOMM and IODE, these initiatives continue to provide significant benefit to the ocean community. Other initiatives such as the World Ocean Database of the US National Oceanographic Data Center, the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset Project, and the Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue (GODAR) project also provide significant capability for developing oceanic climate datasets and analyses. The World Data Centre for Glaciology and the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), among others, provide similar functionality for certain sea-ice data. The following Actions will be undertaken to develop and implement the data management component of the oceanic domain of GCOS: The IOC should monitor the implementation of the IOC Data Policy. Action O31 [IP-04 O32] Action: Monitoring the implementation of the IOC Data Policy. Who: JCOMM. Time-Frame: Continuous. Performance Indicator: Reports by JCOMM and IODE to the IOC. Annual Cost Implications: 1-10M US$ (10% in non-Annex-I Parties). The IODE and JCOMM are cooperating on the integration of ocean data management through harmonization and promulgation of standards, interoperability between the various ocean data systems to increase accessibility (including the IODE Ocean Data Portal and the WIS), the collection of appropriate metadata and setting guidelines for capacity-building and training. This cooperation is being conducted as a pilot project of the WMO WIGOS and includes ocean data assembly, quality and orderly archiving of ocean datasets and products. 99
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GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

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