GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

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Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) framework (see Action T1). The monitoring programmes are envisaged to involve the establishment of GCOS/GTOS baseline networks for river runoff and lake level and area. The National Hydrological Services are generally responsible for making the observations required by the different baseline networks, but often many other national and international agencies are involved. Further coordination within the hydrological domain is needed. Action T2 Action: Achieve national recognition of the need to exchange hydrological data of all networks encompassed by GTN-H, in particular the GCOS/GTOS baseline networks, and facilitate the development of integrated hydrological products to demonstrate the value of these coordinated and sustained global hydrological networks. Who: GTN-H Coordinator, WMO, GCOS, GTOS, in consultation with GTN-H Partners. Time-Frame: Continuing; 2011 (demonstration products). Performance Indicator: Number of datasets available in International Data Centres; Number of available demonstration products. Annual Cost Implications:
Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) (“hotspots”), “Essential Ecosystem Records” should be established through systematic, high-quality observation of key parameters of biodiversity and habitat properties. Observations of the local physical climate and changes in surrounding environment, such as land and water use, should also be made at these sites. A clear strategy on how to consistently measure parameters describing the status of, and changes in, biodiversity and habitat properties needs to be developed. 95 This requirement is in line with the GCOS strategic implementation thrust (section 2.1) related to ecosystem monitoring sites, and also responds to key observing needs of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD). Details of the site concept and measurement approach need to be developed, for example by working with the communities coordinated through the GEO Biodiversity Observation Network (GEOBON). Appropriate funding support will be needed to implement both the terrestrial reference sites and the ecosystem site objectives. Opportunities for collocated sites between the two may exist and should be exploited. Some sites may also be collocated with atmospheric reference sites (cf. Action A16). Action T4 Action: Initiate an ecosystem monitoring network acquiring “Essential Ecosystem Records” (see section 3.8), by exploiting collocation opportunities with the global terrestrial reference network (Action T3) and the network of validation sites (T29). Who: Parties’ national services and research agencies, GTOS (Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics (GOFC-GOLD)), TOPC, GEOBON, in association with the UNCBD. Time-frame: Network concept and observation approach by 2011; Implementation by 2014. Performance Indicator: Availability of essential ecosystem records, including proper documentation, from all designated sites in the network. Annual Cost Implications: 30-100M US$ (50% in non-Annex-I Parties). In addition to information on CO 2 fluxes (see Action T34), FLUXNET sites provide measurements of evaporation from the land that are an important part of the hydrological cycle, supplementing longterm in situ observations of pan-evaporation. Land use and climate change may induce changes in the amount and distribution of evaporation. Global evaporation products are beginning to be derived from atmospheric and terrestrial reanalysis projects and from a combination of satellite products. These and need independent in situ verification. Action T5 Action: Develop an experimental evaporation product from existing networks and satellite observations. Who: Parties, national services, research groups through GTN-H, the Integrated Global Water Cycle Observations (IGWCO) partners, TOPC, GEWEX Land Flux Panel and WCRP CliC. Time frame: 2013-2015. Performance indicator: Availability of a validated global satellite product of total evaporation. Annual Cost Implications: 1-10M US$ (10% in non-Annex-I Parties). Table 13. Observing networks and systems contributing to the Terrestrial Domain ECV Contributing Network(s) Status Contributing Satellite Data Status River Discharge GCOS/GTOS Baseline GTN-R based on TOPC priority list Research concerning laser/radar altimetry for river levels and flow rates. Stations selected and partly agreed by host countries, noncontributing stations approached Operational laser altimeters not scheduled; EObased network only research. Lakes Stations selected, approached by HYDROLARE; GTN-L needs to be established; GCOS/GTOS Baseline Lake Network based on TOPC priority list. To include freeze-up/breakup. Altimetry, highresolution optical and radar imagery and reprocessing of archived data. Operational laser altimeters not scheduled. Question mark over high-resolution systems continuity. EO-based network only research. 95 See Action C22. 107
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FOREWORD This 2010 Update of the Im
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GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

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