GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

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Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) Action A33 [IP-04 A31] Action: Develop and implement a coordinated strategy to monitor and analyse the distribution of aerosols and aerosol properties. The strategy should address the definition of a GCOS baseline network or networks for in situ measurements, assess the needs and capabilities for operational and research satellite missions for the next two decades, and propose arrangements for coordinated mission planning. Who: Parties’ national services, research agencies and space agencies, with guidance from AOPC and in cooperation with WMO GAW and AERONET. Time-Frame: Ongoing, with definition of baseline in situ components and satellite strategy by 2011. Performance Indicator: Designation of GCOS baseline network(s). Strategy document, followed by implementation of strategy. Annual Cost Implications: 10-30M US$ (20% in non-Annex-I Parties). Supporting Measurement of Precursors for Aerosols and Ozone Global observation of the aerosol and ozone precursors NO 2 , SO 2 , HCHO and CO (in addition to CH 4 , covered earlier) has been shown to be feasible from space. In the last ten years major progress has been made in measuring these species in the troposphere and lower stratosphere using a range of instruments, and it will be possible to extend the data record forward to several decades with data that will come from existing and planned operational missions. Studies have shown that emission estimates using inverse modelling techniques and satellite data can help to reduce the uncertainties in emission data bases, and first studies are being performed combining precursor and aerosol data from space to obtain information on aerosol composition. Emerging integrated data products for the ozone and aerosol ECVs from comprehensive chemical data assimilation systems will be improved by assimilating observations of the precursors, as this will lead to better background model fields of ozone and aerosol. Combining observations of the precursors with those of tropospheric ozone and aerosols will be crucial for attributing change to natural and anthropogenic sources. High temporal and spatial resolution is needed to improve the emission estimates, especially for short-lived trace gases with a large diurnal cycle such as NO 2 and SO 2 . Information from in situ observations is needed to exploit the value of the satellite measurements of the precursors and validate data products (Action A27). Since retrieval is dependent on profile assumptions, albedo and cloud, research activities have to be undertaken to improve existing retrieval techniques, using a combination of in situ, satellite and model information. Action A34 Action: Ensure continuity of products based on space-based measurement of the precursors (NO 2 , SO 2 , HCHO and CO in particular) of ozone and aerosols and derive consistent emission databases, seeking to improve temporal and spatial resolution. Who: Space agencies, in collaboration with national environmental agencies and meteorological services. Time-Frame: Requirement has to be taken into account now in mission planning, to avoid a gap in the 2020 timeframe. Performance Indicator: Availability of the necessary measurements, appropriate plans for future missions, and derived emission data bases. Annual Cost Implications: 10-30M US$ (10% in non-Annex-I Parties). 4.4. Atmospheric Domain – Data Management Data management is a key consideration in the establishment of GCOS baseline networks (see Table 10). For GSN and GUAN, real-time monitoring centres have been set up, as well as delayed-mode archive and analysis centres. However, much remains to be done in these cases to obtain more homogeneous digital historical records, and a greater focus is needed on the collection and archiving of digital metadata associated with observing networks. In many countries, historical measurements have been archived only in paper records, and a concerted international effort continues to be needed to ensure that the global digital historical record is as comprehensive as possible. For other networks, real-time and delayed-mode analysis centres are being established. Actions to establish improved data management for most of the atmospheric composition variables are critical, and one focus of the 70
Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) Actions related to these ECVs is on the identification and establishment of networks so that data flow and data standards can be fully addressed by the International Data Centres. Timely delivery of ECV observations is identified as a priority. The WMO GTS and the WIS must continue to be developed in this respect. As for satellite datasets, in general, space agencies themselves manage the data archives for the instruments they are responsible for and therefore not included in Table 10. Table 10: International Data Centres and Archives 75 – Atmospheric Domain. Network or System International Data Centres and Archives Coordinating Body Atmosphere Surface GCOS Surface Network (GSN) Full WWW/GOS synoptic network National surface networks Baseline Surface Radiation Network GCOS Upper-air Network (GUAN) Full WWW/GOS Upper-air Network Reference network highaltitude radiosondes Aircraft (AMDAR etc.) Profiler (radar) network Ground-based receiver network GPS WMO GAW Global Atmospheric CO 2 and CH 4 Monitoring Networks (GAW continuous surface monitoring network) WMO GAW Global Atmospheric CO 2 and CH 4 Monitoring Networks (GAW surface flask sampling network) GSN Monitoring Centre (DWD, JMA) GSN Analysis Centre (NCDC) GSN Archive (WDC Asheville) WMO CBS GCOS Lead Centres (DWD, JMA, NCDC, DMN (Morocco), INM (Mozambique), IRIMO (Iran), DMC (Chile), BoM (Australia), BAS (UK)) Integrated Surface Hourly (WDC Asheville) Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) (DWD) National responsibility; Submission to WDC Asheville GPCC (DWD) World Radiation Monitoring Centre (Alfred Wegener Institute, AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany) World Radiation Data Centre (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) Atmosphere Upper-air GUAN Monitoring Centres (ECMWF) GUAN Analysis Centres (NCDC) GUAN Archive (WDC Asheville) WMO CBS GCOS Lead Centre (NCDC) WWW/Global Data Processing and Forecasting Systems (GDPFS) World Centres WWW/GDPFS Regional/Specialized Meteorological Centres WDC Asheville GCOS Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN Lead Centre, Lindenberg, Germany) WWW/GDPFS World Centres WWW/GDPFS Regional/Specialized Meteorological Centres WDC Asheville WWW/GDPFS World Centres WWW/GDPFS Regional/Specialized Meteorological Centres WDC Asheville None designated Atmosphere Composition WDCGG (JMA) NOAA- ESRL (Boulder) Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) WDCGG (JMA) NOAA- ESRL (Boulder) AOPC with WMO CBS WMO CBS WMO CCl, WMO CBS and WMO RAs AOPC with WCRP AOPC with WMO CBS WMO CBS AOPC with WCRP WMO CBS WMO CBS WMO CBS WMO CAS WMO CAS 75 Covers mostly ground-based networks, as the datasets from satellite instruments are normally managed by the responsible space agencies. 71
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WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION I
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FOREWORD This 2010 Update of the Im
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GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

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