GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

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Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) • Need to improve connections between global, regional and local observing and sampling efforts, and improve coordination and information flow amongst remote sensing, in situ monitoring and modelling efforts. • Need to develop and expand local research and monitoring capacity. • Ecological monitoring needs to be accompanied by socio-economic monitoring toward improved coordinated management efforts. • Improved data management and exchange mechanisms are needed, particularly across the landsea interface. • Develop capacity in remote sensing and in situ monitoring to respond rapidly to reporting of unusual or anomalous events on coral reefs. • Develop and sustain a high spatial and spectral resolution capacity to assess coral reef and other marine habitat changes, particularly hyperspectral satellite observations. To address the issues raised above, it is proposed that PICO and OOPC work with nations, GRAs and existing observations networks (e.g., GCRMN) to establish a global network of long-term observation sites covering all major ocean habitats and encourage collocation of physical, biological and ecological measurements to enable clearer identification of climate changes at these sites (see also Actions C22, C23). Action O23 Action: Establish a global network of long-term observation sites covering all major ocean habitats and encourage collocation of physical, biological and ecological measurements. Who: Parties’ national research and operational agencies, supported by GOOS/PICO, OOPC, GRAs, and other partners. Time-Frame: 2014. Performance Indicators: Reporting on implementation status of network. Annual Cost Implications: 30-100M US$ (50% in non-Annex-I Parties). 5.2. Oceanic Domain – Sub-surface Table 12 below provides a brief summary of the status of existing network contributions to observing the sub-surface ECVs. Table 12: Implementation of the Oceanic Domain – Sub-surface composite network components and ECVs observed, their associated coordinating bodies and International Data Centres and Archives Component Network ECVs Coordinating Body International Data Centres and Archives About 40 repeat XBT line network Temperature JCOMM SOOP GTSPP About 120 tropical moorings Temperature; Salinity, Current, other autonomously observable ECVs feasible JCOMM TIP NOAA/NDBC JAMSTEC 30-40 reference moorings network All autonomously observable ECVs OceanSITES (JCOMM) IFREMER Coriolis NOAA/NDBC Sustained and repeated shipbased hydrography network All feasible ECVs, including those that depend on obtaining water samples IOCCP, CLIVAR, other national efforts CCHDO, JODC (physics) CDIAC (carbon) Argo network Temperature, Salinity, Current Argo Steering Team IFREMER Coriolis US GODAE Critical current & transport monitoring Temperature, heat, freshwater, carbon transports, mass CLIVAR, IOCCP Individual project arrangements 92
Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) 5.2.1. General Systematic sampling of the global ocean is needed to fully characterise oceanic climate variability. Global implementation of upper-ocean measurements in ice-free regions is technically feasible, with proven techniques, but remains to be accomplished. This will be addressed initially through the implementation of the agreed upper-ocean network, the in situ component of which initially requires 3000 Argo profiling floats, about 40 repeat XBT lines, 30-40 surface reference moorings, and about 120 tropical moorings, together with high-precision satellite altimetry. Similar to the surface, the Global Reference Mooring Network will provide essential reference-quality long-time records of sub-surface variables to identify climate trends and climate change. They also provide critical platforms for the testing and pilot project use of technology for autonomous measurement of biogeochemical and other ecosystem variables. The records from the Global Reference Mooring Network also will be important for testing climate models and their parameterizations. As new technologies are proven, as our understanding of the sampling requirements improves, and as our ocean analysis and reanalysis capabilities are exploited, the recommended global sub-surface observing system will evolve. Indications of climate variability are present at all depths in the ocean. Argo can document change in temperature and salinity in the upper 2000 m of the ice-free ocean. The only effective current approach to observing the full suite of ocean sub-surface ECVs involves reference-type repeat deepocean surveys. Accurate deep-ocean time series observations are essential for determining long-term trends. Ocean water column surveys from research vessels are also our only present means for determining the large-scale decadal evolution of the anthropogenic CO 2 inventory on a global and basin scale (see Figure 11). Several overarching Actions are proposed that the international ocean community should take to ensure that a global sub-surface ocean observing system is implemented that will satisfy climate requirements. OOPC, in conjunction with CLIVAR, JCOMM, the Partnership for Observations of the Global Oceans (POGO), the IOCCP, through the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) and through the national research institutions, will seek implementation of the agreed programme of global repeat full-depth water column sections (about 30 sections repeated on a roughly 10 year cycle, but more frequently where necessary because of known time scales of variability). 82 It will reassess the sampling requirements after the first full repeat in order to account for the hitherto underappreciated interior ocean variability. Action O24 [IP-04 O25] Action: Development of a plan for systematic global full-depth water column sampling for ocean physical and carbon variables in the coming decade; implementation of that plan. Who: National research programmes supported by the GO-SHIP project and IOCCP. Time-Frame: Continuing. Performance Indicator: Published internationally-agreed plan from the GO-SHIP process, implementation tracked via data submitted to archives. Percentage coverage of the sections. Annual Cost Implications: 10-30M US$ (Mainly by Annex-I Parties). The Ship Observations Panel of JCOMM will coordinate the agreed basin-spanning Ship-of- Opportunity XBT/XCTD Repeat Section Programme (a combination of about 40 frequently-repeated sections and of high-density sections (about a 30% increase). 82 No long-term commitments are in place for repeat section surveys; continuation of existing research activities, with about a 40% enhancement, is needed. 93
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WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION I
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FOREWORD This 2010 Update of the Im
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6. TERRESTRIAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SY
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GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

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