GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) ECV Contributing Network(s) Status Contributing Satellite Data Status Ground Water (Levels, Use) None, but framework for GGMN exists; many national archives of ground-water level exist. Collection of aggregated data for GGMN has started; GTN-GW needs to be established Gravity missions Gravity measurements operat’l, continuity needs to be secured Water Use (Area of Irrigated Land) No network, but a single geo-referenced database exists. Any high-/mediumresolution optical/ radar systems. Lack of highresolution optical continuity. Snow Cover WWW/GOS surface synoptic network (depth). National Networks (depth and snow water equivalent). Synoptic and national networks have significant gaps and are ALL contracting. Northern and Southern Hemisphere monitored operationally for extent and duration. Moderate to high resolution optical for extent/duration. Passive microwave for snow water equivalent. Geostationary satellites Moderate to high resolution optical and microwave sensor system follow-on is programmed. Glaciers and Ice Caps GTN-G national networks. coordinates monitoring Major geographic gaps still need to be closed; especially concerning glacier mass balance measurements inadequate. Visible and infrared high-resolution; Stereo optical imagery; Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite altimetry. Lack of highresolution optical satellite continuity. Satellite altimetry research missions will help; Lack of laser altimetry mission continuity. Ice Sheets Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment; International Trans- Antarctic Scientific Expedition. Large uncertainty in mass balances and dynamics Ocean ice interaction major weakness Gravity mission, Synthetic Aperture Radar and laser altimetry Satellite altimetry research missions will help; Lack of laser altimetry mission continuity Permafrost GTN-P National Networks. coordinates Monitoring Major geographical gaps. National data centres need to be established Derived near-surface temperature and moisture (e.g., from ERS/Radarsat, MODIS, AMSR-E). No direct operational sensors to detect permafrost; no products. Albedo CEOS WGCV; MODLAND; Atmospheric Radiation Measurement sites. No designated reference network. Multi-angular sensors. Geostationary Polar orbiters. GCMPs applied to measurements. Use of operational meteorological satellites (SCOPE- CM Pilot Project) and moderateresolution optical polar orbiters; Continuation of multi-angular missions required Land Cover FAO Global Land Cover Network; GOFC-GOLD. First generation products available. Any high-/mediumresolution optical/ radar systems. Moderate resolution good;High-resolution optical system continuity required. FAPAR CEOS WGCV; FLUXNET; GTOS Net Primary Productivity. Still no designated baseline network exists. Optical, multi-spectral multi-angular. and Moderate spatial resolution multispectral good; Continuation of multi-angular measurements required. LAI CEOS WGCV; FLUXNET; GTOS. Still no designated baseline network exists. Optical, multi-spectral multi-angular. and Moderate spatial resolution multispectral good; Continuation of multi-angular measurements required. 108
Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) ECV Contributing Network(s) Status Contributing Satellite Data Status Above ground Biomass FAO’s FRA; FLUXNET; No global data centre for non-forest biomass. No designated baseline network exists; FRA data not currently applicable for highresolution spatial analysis. Low-frequency radar, optical and laser altimetry. Laser/radar missions currently planned; need to be implemented Soil Carbon National soil carbon surveys No designated global network or data centre exists; major geographical gaps; Not directly applicable FAO-IIASA world soil map Fire Disturbance GOFC Regional Networks, GFMC Some geographical gaps exist. Optical and thermal. Geostationary and moderate to highresolution optical systems continuity required. Soil Moisture FLUXNET; GTN-SM needs to established WWW/GOS surface synoptic network No designated baseline network exists. Active and passive microwave missions Continuity after the research missions required 6.2. Specific Issues – Terrestrial Domain ECVs ECV – River Discharge River discharge plays an important role in driving the climate system, as the freshwater inflow to the oceans may influence thermohaline circulation. The statistical properties of river discharge are an indicator for climatic change and variability, as they reflect changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration and are influenced in the longer term by land cover. River discharge data are also required for the calibration and validation of climate and impact models, trend analysis, and socioeconomic investigations. Monthly observations of river discharge are generally sufficient to estimate continental runoff into the ocean, although daily data are needed to calculate the statistical parameters of river discharge, e.g., for impact analyses of extreme discharge. Most countries monitor river discharge, yet many are reluctant to release their data. Additional difficulties arise because data are organized in scattered and fragmented ways, i.e., data are managed at sub-national levels, in different sectors, and using different archival systems. Even for those data providers that do release their data, delays of a number of years can occur before data are delivered to International Data Centres such as the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC). In addition to the need for better access to existing data, the trend toward shrinking observing networks in some countries (especially the closing of stations with long records) needs to be reversed. Research concerning interferometric and altimetry-based approaches to river water level and discharge monitoring from satellites are being developed by the space agencies, encouraged by GCOS, TOPC and IGWCO. With current technology in situ systems offer the most complete basis for river discharge monitoring. The GRDC has a mandate, through resolution 21 (WMO Congress XII, 1995), to collect river discharge data on behalf of all Members in a free and unrestricted manner, in accordance with resolution 25 (WMO Congress XIII, 1999). However, there are major gaps in the data received by the GRDC, both in terms of the number of rivers monitored and the time it takes for the GRDC to receive the data. Based on past demands for data, the GRDC has proposed a baseline network of river discharge stations near the downstream end of the largest rivers of the world – as ranked by their long-term average annual volume These stations, a subset of existing gauging stations around the world, collectively form a new GCOS/GTOS baseline network, the Global Terrestrial Network – River 109
Page 1 and 2:
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION I
Page 3 and 4:
FOREWORD This 2010 Update of the Im
Page 5 and 6:
6. TERRESTRIAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SY
Page 7 and 8:
Implementation Plan for the Global
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64: Implementation Plan for the Global
Page 113: Implementation Plan for the Global
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
show all

GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?