GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

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Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) benefits, in particular in improving regional and local understanding of the impacts of climate change and to inform decisions on adaptation. This is especially true as littoral zones support about a quarter of the world’s population and are potentially subject to impacts from sea-level rise, coastal erosion and harmful changes to coastal marine ecosystems. Work under the UNFCCC Nairobi Work Programme has begun to address the need for sustained observations to improve Parties’ understanding of climate impacts and vulnerability, and to support their adaptation decisions. For the oceanic domain, this primarily means monitoring and analyses for shallow seas and coastal waters. In this connection, there is a particular need to improve coastal ocean observations in many non-Annex-I Parties, both for improved understanding of climate impacts, but also to ensure coastal ecosystem services are protected from direct human stresses. National and regional participation in the coastal module of GOOS provides one framework for coordinated development and operation of observing efforts in coastal waters. The OOPC and the GOOS Panel for Integrated Coastal Observations (PICO), through the GOOS Scientific Steering Committee, must ensure that the requirements for coastal observations of certain ECVs, including sea-surface temperature, sea level, sea state are fully taken into account in the implementation plan of the coastal GOOS. It is equally important that the I-GOOS and the GOOS Regional Alliances (GRA) encourage and ensure that regional and coastal observing contributions and associated products are responsive to the Actions in this Plan and thus to the needs of the UNFCCC. GOOS Regional Alliances have been established for most regional seas; effective planning and implementation in the Arctic Ocean would be facilitated by establishment of an Arctic GRA, but has been hampered by political considerations. Action O2 [IP-04 O5] Action: Establish prioritized national and regional plans that address the needs to monitor the coastal regions and support adaptation and understanding of vulnerabilities. Who: All coastal Parties, in consultation with PICO and OOPC. Time-Frame: Continuing. Performance Indicator: Publications by regions (e.g., GRAs) and nations of their plans for coastal climate observing systems, and reporting their progress against performance measures established by technical advisory bodies, including PICO and OOPC. Annual Cost Implications: 1-10M US$ (Mainly by Annex-I Parties). 5.1. Oceanic Domain – Surface 5.1.1. General Table 11 lists the components of the oceanic domain surface observing system. The absence of global coverage and the lack of sufficient high-quality observations remain the key weaknesses in the surface ocean network. For a few variables such as sea-surface temperature (SST) and mean sealevel pressure, cost-effective technologies are available to address this weakness. For other variables, further investment and additional research and development are required (see Action O41). Table 11: Implementation of the Oceanic Domain – Surface composite network components and ECVs observed, their associated coordinating bodies and International Data Centres and Archives Component Network ECVs Coordinating Body International Data Centres and Archives Global surface drifting buoy array on 5x5 degree resolution (1250) SST, SLP, position-changebased Current JCOMM DBCP RNODC/DB: ISDM Global tropical moored buoy network (~120) Typically SST and Surface vector wind; Can include SLP, Current, Air-sea flux variables JCOMM Tropical Moored Buoy Implementation Panel (TIP/DBCP) NOAA/NDBC (all Pacific/Indian/Atlantic) JAMSTEC (Pacific/Indian TRITON subset) VOSClim and VOS fleet All feasible surface ECVs plus extensive ship metadata for VOSClim JCOMM SOT ICOADS (air/sea interface); WMO Pub. 47 (metadata); GOSUD (salinity) 76
Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update) Component Network ECVs Coordinating Body International Data Centres and Archives Global reference mooring network (30-40) All feasible surface ECVs OceanSITES (JCOMM) IFREMER Coriolis NOAA/NDBC GLOSS Core Sea-level Network, plus regional/national networks Sea level JCOMM GLOSS PSMSL Carbon VOS pCO 2 , SST, SSS IOCCP, OOPC pilot activity Individual project arrangements Sea-ice buoys Sea ice International Arctic/Antarctic Buoy Programme (JCOMM DBCP) RNODC/DB: ISDM Satellite IR (polar orbit and geostationary) AMSR-class microwave SST satellite Surface vector wind satellite (two wide-swath scatterometers are highly desired) SST, Sea ice CEOS, CGMS Individual space agencies SST, Wind speed, Sea ice CEOS, CGMS Individual space agencies Surface vector wind, Sea ice CEOS, CGMS Individual space agencies Ocean colour satellite (SeaWiFS-class) Ocean colour; Chlorophyll concentration (biomass of Phytoplankton) CEOS, IOCCG Individual space agencies High-precision satellite altimetry Sea-level anomaly from steady state, Sea state CEOS, CGMS Individual space agencies Complementary-orbit (sunsynchronous) satellite altimetry Sea level CEOS, CGMS Individual space agencies Satellite SAR Sea ice, Sea state CEOS, CGMS Individual space agencies A number of specific actions of a general nature and supplementary on-going actions are crucial to the realization of an effective system. Some component networks provide information on multiple ECVs. One of these is the VOS programme. These (typically commercial) vessels measure at least several important surface ECVs, and their data provides the great bulk of our historical knowledge of marine climate variability and change. They are the key link to the historical record at the marine surface. Action O3 [IP-04 O6] Action: Improve number and quality of climate-relevant marine surface observations from the VOS. Improve metadata acquisition and management for as many VOS as possible through VOSClim, together with improved measurement systems. Who: National meteorological agencies and climate services, with the commercial shipping companies. Time-Frame: Continuous. Performance Indicator: Increased quantity and quality of VOS reports. Annual Cost Implications: 1-10M US$ (10% in non-Annex-I Parties). Satellites are an important element in the surface ocean observing system, and space agencies, working through CEOS, CGMS, and WMO, in their response to GCOS requirements, should continue to emphasize the need for the maintenance and improvement of a suite of proven satellite sensor systems that deliver global coverage of the essential surface oceanic climate variables such as SST, sea level and surface wind. Efforts have to be directed at improving the quantitative aspects of the satellite measurements. 77
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WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION I
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FOREWORD This 2010 Update of the Im
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6. TERRESTRIAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SY
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Implementation Plan for the Global
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GCOS Implementation Plan - WMO

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