Characterization and control of the fiber-matrix interface in ceramic ...

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank R. A. Bradley, R. R. Judkins, and P. T. Carlson for their interest in and support of the characterization of interfaces in composites. Special appreciation is to be extended to K. C . Melton for his scanning electron microscopy analysis of fracture surfaces; R. A. Padgett, Jr., for the Auger analysis of fracture surfaces;, and G. C. Marsh for the preparation of the metallographic samples. R. D. Cole is acknowledged for conducting a portion of the mechanical properties testing. Special gratitude must be expressed to H. R. Livesey for the meticulous preparation of many of the drawings and figures. The author also thanks those involved in the preparation of the manuscript for publication: Lydia Cornell for the initial editing, G. R. Carter and M. R. Upton for final lay-out and preparation, and P. H. Wilson for finishing touches and final editing. Thanks also go to C. J. McHargue and J. E. Spruiell for their advice and direction as well as their review of the manuscript. The author finally expresses great appreciation to J. 0. Stiegler, T. M. Besmann, and the members of the Ceramic Surface Systems Group for their patience, understanding, guidance, and assistance in completing the work and the report. XV
Page 3: ORNL/TM-11039 Metals and Ceramics D
Page 6 and 7: Page 9.3 Composite Fabrication . .
Page 9: LIST OF TABLES Table Page 5,l. Prop
Page 12 and 13: Figure 8.3. 9.1.. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.
Page 14 and 15: Figure 10.18. 10.19. 10.20. 10. 21.
Page 18 and 19: Strengthening with fibers has so ma
Page 20 and 21: 2 chemical interactions at the inte
Page 23 and 24: 2. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CERAM
Page 25: 7 Although these materials did not
Page 28 and 29: 10 lay-ups or filaiiients wound int
Page 30 and 31: 12 plates or complex shapes contain
Page 33 and 34: 4. FORCED-FLOW THERMAL-GRADIENT CHE
Page 35: 17 materials and certain ceramic-fi
Page 38 and 39: 20 Table 5.1. Properties of some re
Page 40 and 41: 22 of the composite and the contrib
Page 42 and 43: 24 Therefore, the maximum strength
Page 44 and 45: 26 was derived from extensive testi
Page 46 and 47: 28 ORNL-DWG 138-9023 Figure 5.2. Th
Page 48 and 49: 30 The stress in the matrix resulti
Page 50 and 51: 32 reinforcement w Lll be lost. 'Th
Page 52 and 53: 34 The selection of the coinponents
Page 55 and 56: 6. FIBER-MATRIX INTERFACES 6.1 Intr
Page 57 and 58: 39 ORNL-DWG 89-2156 F F y-CCACM COA
Page 59 and 60: 41 I. 2 I .o 0. e c.. - l! O6 v) Ru
Page 61 and 62: .43 matrix in a composite will begi
Page 63 and 64: 7. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FIBER-MA
Page 65 and 66: 47 F - 2nRtr , where r is the frict
Page 67 and 68:
49 in Figure 7.2. Based on the mult
Page 69 and 70:
51 ORNL-DWG 88-7f 25 FIBER + I I -J
Page 71 and 72:
53 shorter lengths. Fragmentation o
Page 73 and 74:
55 The multiple-matrix fracture con
Page 75 and 76:
57 ORNL-DWG 87-48230 SINGLE FRACTUR
Page 77 and 78:
59 determined by the difference in
Page 79 and 80:
8. CONTROLLING THE INTERFACE 8.1 In
Page 81:
63 ORNL PBOTO 6676-86 Figure 8.2. F
Page 84 and 85:
66 bonding. Low-modulus or "soft" m
Page 86 and 87:
68 providing a compliant coating th
Page 88 and 89:
70 ORNL-DWG 88-14864R rSlGHT PORT F
Page 90 and 91:
72 GRAFOIL ""'7 PERFORATED L'D-7 --
Page 92:
QRNL BWG 87-15308R SCRUBBER COLUMN
Page 95 and 96:
77 was not deoxygenated. Other gase
Page 97 and 98:
79 Y201840 Y201841 Figure 9.5. Grap
Page 99 and 100:
81 Table 9.1. Precoating processing
Page 101 and 102:
83 9.4 Mechanical ProDerties 9.4.1
Page 103 and 104:
85 true tensile strength of a compo
Page 105 and 106:
87 .. h 8 o La z 4J u 4 k 4 4
Page 107 and 108:
89 cut surface. This alignment is e
Page 109 and 110:
91 YP5199 YP5200 *I Figure 9.8. Pho
Page 111 and 112:
93 the cracks. In addition, if the
Page 113 and 114:
10. RESULTS 10.1 ComDosite ProDerti
Page 116 and 117:
98 Table 10.1. Property summary for
Page 118 and 119:
100 Table 10.2. Interfacial frictio
Page 120 and 121:
, - - I e-, 75 ORNL-DWG 87-15948R C
Page 122 and 123:
I 104 I I 1 I rr) '0
Page 124 and 125:
OANL-DWC 88-6289 I I I I I I I I I
Page 126 and 127:
108 A rl A r
Page 128 and 129:
110 steps demonstrates that silicon
Page 130 and 131:
112 t Figure 10.8. The presence of
Page 132 and 133:
114 c Figure 10.10. SEM micrograph
Page 134 and 135:
116 Table 10.5. Thermochemical eval
Page 136 and 137:
118 microprobe was not equipped to
Page 138 and 139:
350 300 CVI- 175 RAT. 175201 I 250
Page 140 and 141:
122 (N) OVOl
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
126 predicted weight loss was 3%. T
Page 146 and 147:
I F Figure 10.17. SEM micrographs o
Page 148 and 149:
3 130 87 1 I I .C b Y --Q) -w -e -N
Page 150 and 151:
Page 153 and 154:
ORNL-OW 88-6289 ORNL-Dwc 88-6294 BU
Page 155 and 156:
137 Table 10.8. Boron nitride coati
Page 157 and 158:
139 RAL 102744 Figure 10.23. SEM mi
Page 159 and 160:
141 infiltration by the preferred p
Page 161 and 162:
143 YP 4971 YP 4970 Figure 10.25. C
Page 163:
1 $1 0 *- QI 12 U 8 Pl 145 1 $1 0 T
Page 166 and 167:
148 The resultant fibers are compos
Page 168 and 169:
150 Table 11.1. Properties of Sic.
Page 170 and 171:
152 Table 11.2. The influence of in
Page 172 and 173:
154 11.2.2 Fracture stress and Youn
Page 174 and 175:
156 ORNL-DWG 88-6276 MATRIX CRACKIN
Page 176 and 177:
158 As previously discussed, the ul
Page 178 and 179:
160 Fiber length becomes important
Page 180 and 181:
162 upon matrix failure. This is th
Page 182 and 183:
164 ORNL-DWG 88-747iR -10 -12 -4 4
Page 184 and 185:
as-received fibers have a slightly
Page 186 and 187:
168 throughout the composite sample
Page 188 and 189:
170 SHEAR STRESS, T(MPo) 2 4 6 8 IO
Page 190 and 191:
172 failure and extensive fiber pul
Page 192 and 193:
174 Conversely, the individual Nica
Page 194 and 195:
176 I 3D Figure 11.7. Stress blocks
Page 197 and 198:
12. CONCLUSIONS AND mTTURE WORK Fab
Page 199 and 200:
REFERENCES 1. A. H. Cotrell, "Stron
Page 201 and 202:
183 31. J. C. Whithers, "Chemical V
Page 203 and 204:
185 56. E. Ryskewitch, "Compressive
Page 205 and 206:
187 85. J. F. Mandell, K. C. C. Hon
Page 207 and 208:
Part I' 189 111. W. V. Kotlensky, "
Page 209 and 210:
191 140. D. P. Stinton and W. J. La
Page 211:
APPENDIX A AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROSC
Page 214 and 215:
196 Table A-1. Auger spectral peaks
Page 217 and 218:
APPENDIX B. DETAILS OF' THE FIBER-S
Page 219 and 220:
QRNL/TM-11039 INTERNAL DISTRIBUTION
Page 221 and 222:
203 109-110. BATTELLE COLUMBUS LABO
Page 223 and 224:
205 150-152. LAJESXIDE CORPORATION,
Page 225 and 226:
207 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 1
Page 227:
209 218. DOE, OAK RIDGE OPERATIONS,
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