Characterization and control of the fiber-matrix interface in ceramic ...

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184 41. A. J. Caputo et al., "Fiber-Reinforced Sic Composites with Improved Mechanical Properties," Am. Ceram. SOC. Bull. 66(2), 268-72 (1987). 42. R. A. Lowden et al., Effects of Infiltration Conditions on the Properties of SiC/Nicalon Composites, ORNL/TM-10403, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn., May 1987. 43. A. J. Caputo and W, J. Lackey, "Fabrication of Fiber- Reinforced Composites by Chemical Vapor Infiltration," Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 5, 654-67 (1984). 44. D. P. Stinton, A. J. Caputo, and R. A. Lowden, "Synthesis of Fiber-Reinforced Sic Composites by Chemical Vapor Infiltration," Am. Cerarn. SOC. Bull. 65(2), 347-50 (1986). 45. J. Aveston, "Fibres of High Thermal Stability," Composites 1(5), 296-99 (1970). 46. A. R. Holtz and M. F. Gretther, "High Tempertaure Properties of Three Nextel Ceramic Fibers," presented at the 32nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition, Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, Calif., April 1987. 47. J. C. Romine, "New High-Temperature Ceramic Fiber," Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 8(7-8), 755-65 (1987). 48. D. H. Bowen, "Fibre-Reinforced Ceramics," Fibre Sci. Technol. 1, 85-112 (1968). 49. L. Holiday, "Theoretical Background," pp. 28-62 in Composite Materials, Elsevier Publishing Company, New York, 1966. 50. M. R. Piggott, "Reinforcement Processes,' pp. 83-97 in toad Bearing Fibre Composites, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, 1980. 51. M. R. Piggott, "Composite Mechanics," pp. 62-82 in Load Bearing Fibre Composites, Pergainon Press, Oxford, England, 1980. 52. B. W. Rosen, "Mechanics of Composite Strengthening," pp. 37-75 in Fiber Composite Materials, American Society of Metals Seminar, October 1964. 53. H. L, Cox, "The Elasticity and Strength of Paper and Other Fibrous Materials," B . J. Appl. Phys. 3, 72-9 (1952). 54. R. L. Coble and W. D. Kingery, "Effect of Porosity on Physical Properties of Sintered Alumina," J. Am. Ceram. SOC. 39(11), 377-85 (1956). 55. K. K. Phani and S. K. Niyogi, "Young's Modulus of Porous Brittle Solids," J. Mater. Sci. 22, 257-63 (1987).
185 56. E. Ryskewitch, "Compressive Strength of Porous Sintered Alumina and Zirconi.a," J. Am. Ceram. SOC. 36, 65 (1953). 57. T. W. Coyle, M. H. Guyot, and J. F. Jamet, "Mechanical Behavior of a Microcracked Ceramic Composite," Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 8(7-81, 947-57 (1987). 58. D. L. Harrod and R. T. Begley, "Some General Aspects of Interfaces in Composites," pp. El-El6 in SAMPE Advanced Fibrous Reinforced Composites, Vol. 10, 10th National Symposium and Exhibition, 1966. 59. K. Khaund et al., "Influence of Elastic and Thermal Mismatch on the Local Crack-Driving Force in Brittle Composites," J. Mater. Sci. 12, 2269-73 (1977). 60. J. F. Jarnet, D. Lewis, and E. Y. Luh, "Characterization of Mechanical Behavior and Fractographic Observations on Compglas SiC/LAS Composites," Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 5(7-8), 625-42 (1984). 61. M. R. Piggott, "Reinforced Ceramics, Cements, and Plasters," pp. 211-23 in Load Bearing Fibre Composites, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, 1980. 62. M. R. Piggott, "Failure Processes," pp. 101-19 in Load Bearing Fibre Composites, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, 1980. 63. R. W. Rice, "Mechanisms of Toughening in Ceramic Matrix Composites," Ceram. Eng. Sei. Proc. 2(7-8), 661-701 (1981). 64. R. W. Rice et al., "The Effect of Ceramic Fiber Coatings on the Room-Temperature Behavior of Ceramic-Fiber Composites," Cerain. Eng. Sci. Proc. 2(7-81, 614-24 (1984). 65. G. Eriksson, "Thermodynamic Studies of High Temperature Equilibria XII. SOLGASMIX," Chem. Scri. (Sweden) 8(3), 100-3 (1975). 66. G. Eriksson and E. Rosen, "Thermodynamic Studies of High Temperature Equilibria VIII. General Equations," Chem. Scri. (Sweden) 4(5), 193-4 (1973). 67. T. M. Besmann, SOLGASMIX-PV, a Computer Program to Calculate Equilibrium Relationships on Complex Chemical Systems, ORNL,/TIY-5775, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn., April 1977. 68. V. I. Dybkov, "Reaction Diffusion in Heterogeneous Binary Systems, Part 2,'* J. Mater. Sci. 21, 3085-90 (1986). 69. V. I. Dybkov, "Reaction Diffusion in Heterogeneous Binary Systems, Part 3," J. Mater. Sci. 22, 4233-39 (1987). 70. V. I. Dybkov, "Reaction Diffusion in Heterogeneous Binary Systems, Part 1," J. Mater. Sci. 21, 3078-84 (1986).
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ORNL/TM-11039 Metals and Ceramics D
Page 6 and 7:
Page 9.3 Composite Fabrication . .
Page 9:
LIST OF TABLES Table Page 5,l. Prop
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Figure 8.3. 9.1.. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.
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Figure 10.18. 10.19. 10.20. 10. 21.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes t
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CWCTERIZATION AND CONTROL OF THE FI
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1. INTRODUCTION During the last sev
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The development of low-density, hig
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3. FABRICATION TECHNIQUES 3.1 Intro
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11 isostatic pressing (HIP), can be
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13 utilizing the comparatively low-
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16 ORN L- DWG 85- 4 i 4 18RS HEAT1
Page 37 and 38:
5. COMPOSITE DESIGN 5.1 Introductio
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21 5,2 Mechanical Considerations Th
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23 GRNL-DWG 88-74 26 Figure 5.1. Th
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25 Equation (6) shows that the stre
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27 of reinforcement. There are two
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29 in strength. Conversely, the fib
Page 49 and 50:
-I_- Table 5.2. Thermally induced a
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33 1.2 ID 0.8 ;.r 1 e fi v 0.6 a4 Q
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35 will affect the interface and, t
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38 fiber-matrix bonding; thus, a fu
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40 In the analysis of the mechanica
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42 1.2 I .o .6 - E f aa '3 0.6 cn 3
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44 will result in the matrix being
Page 64 and 65:
I I MATRIX MATRIX Figure 7.1. Schem
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48 F = 2a2H, where H is the hardnes
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50 OWL-PHOTO 6866-86 i d c I 20pm F
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52 where Af is the surface area of
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54 Figure 7.4. Tensile and shear st
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56 I I I / -c rc -c / . Om / / I /
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58 ORNL-OWG 87-i 8234 F Figure 7.7.
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coating and the distribution of she
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62 O m PHOTO 6676-87 i SIC FIBERS -
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the composite, therefore an interme
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methane as the reactant and is, thu
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9. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 9.1 Depo
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71 furnace. The furnace is, therefo
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73 further protection. A 6.5-cm-dia
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76 of the specimen slowly decreased
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78 The programmer is also equipped
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80 graphite holders through multipl
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82 temperature by simply switching
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84 ORNk DWG 87- 4494 3 METAL LOGR A
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86 9.5 Fracture Surface Analvsis Th
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88 treated and untreated halves wer
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90 9.8.2 Tensile testinq In an init
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92 ORNL-DUG 85-11767R.2 ? ! 2 f CEN
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94 fracture of individual Nicalon f
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96 Figure 10.1. SiC-infiltrated Nic
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99 compared with the dimensions acq
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101 Table 10.3. Strength and modulu
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100 ORNL- DWG 87-1 6292 R CVI-I73 7
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BULK FIBER SAMPLE NO. 173: FIBER SU
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107 similar samples show the film o
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Figure 10.7. SEM micrographs showin
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111 Table 10.4. Thermochemical eval
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100 ORNL-DUG 87-15969R CVI- 170 75
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115 Analysis conversion of of the m
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117 A 1 I S N 31 N I I'd I LN 3H 3
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119 n 0 W n 9 v P n w- n v
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121 s m f c I m z - Ir 2 a 0 9 In u
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Figure 10.14. SEM micrographs of in
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J ORNL-DWC 88-6289 z cF u) w I- z O
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127 300 I CVI-480 I I 1 0 R N L-DWG
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io0 I I I I CVI- 172 75 - - 0 z v -
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131 RAL 033021 RAL 033023 Figure 10
Page 151: 133 include: the reaction of boron
Page 154 and 155: 136 that BN coatings react with the
Page 156 and 157: 75 7 ORNL-DWG 87-48234 50 - - c5 z
Page 158 and 159: 140 Table 10.9. Thermochemical eval
Page 160 and 161: OANL-bwo 88-9025 ORNL-DWG 66-9027 I
Page 162 and 163: 144 uncoated tows were 14 k 2 pm; t
Page 165 and 166: 11. DISCUSSION 11.1 Constituent Pro
Page 167 and 168: 149 The properties of CVD Sic have
Page 169 and 170: 151 11.2.1 Matrix cracking In the N
Page 171 and 172: 153 OWL-DWG 88-10677 CVI- (78 22 I
Page 173 and 174: 155 Table 11.3. Property comparison
Page 175 and 176: 157 a f ““f f- L c I Figure 11.
Page 177 and 178: 159
Page 179 and 180: 161 The equations demonstrate that
Page 181 and 182: 163 calculations of the matrix depo
Page 183 and 184: 165 In four of the samples, the fib
Page 185 and 186: 167 Table 11.4. Properties of glass
Page 187 and 188: 169 rare-earth magnets and coils to
Page 189 and 190: 171 stress fields along the fiber i
Page 191 and 192: 173 11.3.2 Tensile testinp, The use
Page 193 and 194: 17 5 contraction have been ignored,
Page 195: 177 the system, and when the result
Page 198 and 199: 180 reduces fiber strength. The str
Page 200 and 201: 182 15. R. A. J. Sambell, D. H. Bow
Page 204 and 205: 186 71, N. F. DOW, Study of Stresse
Page 206 and 207: 188 98. M. H. Rawlins et al., "Inte
Page 208 and 209: 190 125. R. Warren and C-H. Anderss
Page 210 and 211: 192 155. M. F. Doerner and W, D. Ni
Page 213 and 214: APPENDIX A. AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROS
Page 215: APPENDIX B DETAILS OF THE FIBER-SHE
Page 218 and 219: 200 Those for the fiber (primed) ar
Page 220 and 221: 202 89-92. 93. 94. 95" 96. 97. 98-9
Page 222 and 223: 204 130-133. E. I. DUPONT DE NEMOUR
Page 224 and 225: 206 173. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENC
Page 226 and 227: 208 203 - 204. 20s. 206 - 207. 208.
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