Characterization and control of the fiber-matrix interface in ceramic ...

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188 98. M. H. Rawlins et al., "Interfacial Characterization of Fiber- Reinforced Sic Composites Exhibiting Brittle and Toughened Fracture Behavior," in MRS Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 78, Advanced Structural Ceramics (November 1986). 99. S. Novak, Charles Evans and Associates, Redwood City, Calif., private communication to R. A. Lowden. 100. B. L. Butler, D. A. Northrop, and T. R. Guess, "Interfaces in Carbon Fiber/Pyrolytic-Carbon Matrix Composites," J. Adhes. 5, 161-78 (1973). 101. M. J. Chappel and R. S. Millman, "The Fabrication of Ceramic- Coated Carbon Fibre Duplex Elements," J. Mater. Sci. 9, 1933-48 (1974). 102. K. Brennfleck et al., "CVD of Sic-Interlayers and Their Interaction with Carbon Fibers and with Multi-layered NbN-Coatings," pp. 649-62 in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Chemical Vapor Deposition, vol. 84-6, Electrochemical Society, 1984. 103. T. Shikama et al., "Mechanical Properties of Molybdenum Coated with Titanium Carbide Film," J. Mater. Sci. 18, 3092-98 (1983). 104. M. Kh. Shorshorov et al., "Brittle Interface Layers and the Tensile Strength of Metal Matrix-Fiber Composites," J. Mater. Sci. 14, 1850-61 (1979). 105. P. S . Theocaris and T. P. Phillippidis, "Influence of the Mesophases on the Mechanical Properties of Three-phase Composites," J. Mater. Sci. 22, 3407-15 (1987). 106. J. J. Brennan, "Interfacial Characterization of Glass-Ceramic Matrix/SiC Fiber Composites," pp. 186-204 in the Proceedings of Interface Science and Engineering, Lake Placid, N.Y., July 1987. 107. J. J. Brennan, "Interfacial Characterization of Glass and Glass-Ceramic Matrix/Nicalon Sic Fiber Composites," pp. 549-60 in Tailoring Multiphase and Composite Ceramics, edited by R. E. Tressler et al., Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1986. 108. J . J . Brennan, "Interfacial Chemistry and Bonding in Fiber Reinforced Glass and Glass-Ceramic Matrix Composites," pp. 387-400 in Ceramic Microstructures: Role of Interfaces, University of California at Berkeley, July 1986. 109. T. Mah et al., "Room-Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Fiber- Reinforced Ceramic Natrix Composites," J. &. Cerani. Ssc. 68(1), C27-30 (1985). 110. P. J. Lamicq et al, , "SiC/SiC Composite Ceramics," Am. Ceram. SOC. B~lll. 65(2), 336-38 (1986).
Part I' 189 111. W. V. Kotlensky, "Deposition of Pyrolytic Carbon in Porous Solids," Chem. Phys. Carbon 9, 173-262 (1973). 112. H. 0. Pierson and M. L. Lieberman, "The Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon on Carbon Fibers," Carbon 13, 159-66 (1975). 113. K. L. Luthra, "Thermochemical Analysis of the Stability of Continuous 'Sic' Fibers," J. Am. Ceram. SOC. 69(10), C231-33 (1986). 114. R. Render et al., "Effect of Fiber Coatings and Composite Processing of Properties of Zirconia-Based Matrix Sic Fiber Composites," Am. Ceram. SOC. Bull. 65(2), 363-9 (1986). 115. W. T. Thompson, A. D. Pelton, and C. W. Bale, "Extension to SOLGASMIX fir INteractive Calculations with the F*AW*'r '1:hermodynarr~ic Database," CAI2HAll 7(2), 113 (1983). 116. B. R. Lawn and V. R. Howes, "Elastic Recovery at Hardness Indentations, 'I J. Mater. Sci. 16, 2745-52 (1981). 117. J. L. Loubet, J. M. Georges, and G. Meille, "Vickers Indentation Curves of Elastoplastic Materials," pp. 72-89 in Microindentation Techniques i n Materials Science and Engineering ASTM STP 889, edited by P. J. Blau and R. R. Lam, American SocieLy for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1986. 118. D. B. Marshall and 8. R. Lawn, "Indentation of Brittle Materials, I' pp. 26-46 in Microindentation Techniques in Materials Science and Engineering, ASTM STY 889, edited by Y. J. Blau and B. R. Lawn, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1986. 119. T. J. Clark et: al., "Thermal Stability Characterization of Sic Ceraniiic Fibers: I, Mechanical Property and Chemical Structure Effects," Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 7(7-8), 901-13 (1986). 120. E. Fitzer and K. Gadow, "Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Carbide ~ Am. Ceram. SOC. Bull. 65(2), 326-35 (1986). 121. S . M. Johnson et al., "Degradation Mechanisms of Silicon Crabide Fibers," J. Am. Cerain. Soc. 71(3), C132-35 (1988). 122. T. Mah et al., "Thermal Stability of Sic Fibers (Niealon)," J. Hater. Sci. 19, 1191-201 (1984). 123. C. H. Anderson and R. Warren, "Silicon Carbide Fibers and Their Potential Use in Composite Materials ~ 1, It Composites 15( 1) , 16-24 (1984). 124. Y. Hasegawa and K. Okamura, "Synthesis of Continuous Silicon Carbide Fibre: Part 3," J. Mater. Sci. 18, 3633-48 (1.983).
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ORNL/TM-11039 Metals and Ceramics D
Page 6 and 7:
Page 9.3 Composite Fabrication . .
Page 9:
LIST OF TABLES Table Page 5,l. Prop
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Figure 8.3. 9.1.. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.
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Figure 10.18. 10.19. 10.20. 10. 21.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes t
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CWCTERIZATION AND CONTROL OF THE FI
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1. INTRODUCTION During the last sev
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The development of low-density, hig
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3. FABRICATION TECHNIQUES 3.1 Intro
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11 isostatic pressing (HIP), can be
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13 utilizing the comparatively low-
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16 ORN L- DWG 85- 4 i 4 18RS HEAT1
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5. COMPOSITE DESIGN 5.1 Introductio
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21 5,2 Mechanical Considerations Th
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23 GRNL-DWG 88-74 26 Figure 5.1. Th
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25 Equation (6) shows that the stre
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27 of reinforcement. There are two
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29 in strength. Conversely, the fib
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-I_- Table 5.2. Thermally induced a
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33 1.2 ID 0.8 ;.r 1 e fi v 0.6 a4 Q
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35 will affect the interface and, t
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38 fiber-matrix bonding; thus, a fu
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40 In the analysis of the mechanica
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42 1.2 I .o .6 - E f aa '3 0.6 cn 3
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44 will result in the matrix being
Page 64 and 65:
I I MATRIX MATRIX Figure 7.1. Schem
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48 F = 2a2H, where H is the hardnes
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50 OWL-PHOTO 6866-86 i d c I 20pm F
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52 where Af is the surface area of
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54 Figure 7.4. Tensile and shear st
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56 I I I / -c rc -c / . Om / / I /
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58 ORNL-OWG 87-i 8234 F Figure 7.7.
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coating and the distribution of she
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62 O m PHOTO 6676-87 i SIC FIBERS -
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the composite, therefore an interme
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methane as the reactant and is, thu
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9. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 9.1 Depo
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71 furnace. The furnace is, therefo
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73 further protection. A 6.5-cm-dia
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76 of the specimen slowly decreased
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78 The programmer is also equipped
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80 graphite holders through multipl
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82 temperature by simply switching
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84 ORNk DWG 87- 4494 3 METAL LOGR A
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86 9.5 Fracture Surface Analvsis Th
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88 treated and untreated halves wer
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90 9.8.2 Tensile testinq In an init
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92 ORNL-DUG 85-11767R.2 ? ! 2 f CEN
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94 fracture of individual Nicalon f
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96 Figure 10.1. SiC-infiltrated Nic
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99 compared with the dimensions acq
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101 Table 10.3. Strength and modulu
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100 ORNL- DWG 87-1 6292 R CVI-I73 7
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BULK FIBER SAMPLE NO. 173: FIBER SU
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107 similar samples show the film o
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Figure 10.7. SEM micrographs showin
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111 Table 10.4. Thermochemical eval
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100 ORNL-DUG 87-15969R CVI- 170 75
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115 Analysis conversion of of the m
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117 A 1 I S N 31 N I I'd I LN 3H 3
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119 n 0 W n 9 v P n w- n v
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121 s m f c I m z - Ir 2 a 0 9 In u
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Figure 10.14. SEM micrographs of in
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J ORNL-DWC 88-6289 z cF u) w I- z O
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127 300 I CVI-480 I I 1 0 R N L-DWG
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io0 I I I I CVI- 172 75 - - 0 z v -
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131 RAL 033021 RAL 033023 Figure 10
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133 include: the reaction of boron
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136 that BN coatings react with the
Page 156 and 157: 75 7 ORNL-DWG 87-48234 50 - - c5 z
Page 158 and 159: 140 Table 10.9. Thermochemical eval
Page 160 and 161: OANL-bwo 88-9025 ORNL-DWG 66-9027 I
Page 162 and 163: 144 uncoated tows were 14 k 2 pm; t
Page 165 and 166: 11. DISCUSSION 11.1 Constituent Pro
Page 167 and 168: 149 The properties of CVD Sic have
Page 169 and 170: 151 11.2.1 Matrix cracking In the N
Page 171 and 172: 153 OWL-DWG 88-10677 CVI- (78 22 I
Page 173 and 174: 155 Table 11.3. Property comparison
Page 175 and 176: 157 a f ““f f- L c I Figure 11.
Page 177 and 178: 159
Page 179 and 180: 161 The equations demonstrate that
Page 181 and 182: 163 calculations of the matrix depo
Page 183 and 184: 165 In four of the samples, the fib
Page 185 and 186: 167 Table 11.4. Properties of glass
Page 187 and 188: 169 rare-earth magnets and coils to
Page 189 and 190: 171 stress fields along the fiber i
Page 191 and 192: 173 11.3.2 Tensile testinp, The use
Page 193 and 194: 17 5 contraction have been ignored,
Page 195: 177 the system, and when the result
Page 198 and 199: 180 reduces fiber strength. The str
Page 200 and 201: 182 15. R. A. J. Sambell, D. H. Bow
Page 202 and 203: 184 41. A. J. Caputo et al., "Fiber
Page 204 and 205: 186 71, N. F. DOW, Study of Stresse
Page 208 and 209: 190 125. R. Warren and C-H. Anderss
Page 210 and 211: 192 155. M. F. Doerner and W, D. Ni
Page 213 and 214: APPENDIX A. AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROS
Page 215: APPENDIX B DETAILS OF THE FIBER-SHE
Page 218 and 219: 200 Those for the fiber (primed) ar
Page 220 and 221: 202 89-92. 93. 94. 95" 96. 97. 98-9
Page 222 and 223: 204 130-133. E. I. DUPONT DE NEMOUR
Page 224 and 225: 206 173. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENC
Page 226 and 227: 208 203 - 204. 20s. 206 - 207. 208.
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