Characterization and control of the fiber-matrix interface in ceramic ...

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190 125. R. Warren and C-H. Andersson, "Silicon Carbide Fibres and their Potential for Use in Composite Materials," Composites 15(2), 101-12 (1984). 126. W. L. Johnson and R. G. Brasfield, "Comparison of Matrix Variation in Nicalon (Sic) Fiber Reinforced Composites," Mater. Res. SOC. Symp. Proc. 78, 215-22 (1987). 127. C. J. Macey, R. L. Lehman, and R. L. Moore, "Surface Analysis of Nicalon Sic Fiber," Scanning Electron Microsc. IV, 1643-48 (1984). 128. M. Lancin et al., "Analysis by SIMS and by EELS-EDX in a STEM of Sic Fibers Reinforced Composites,' Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 78, 231-38 (1987). 129. A. S. Fareed et al., "Thermomechanical Properties of Sic Yarn," Am. Ceram. SOC. Bull. 66(2), 353-58 (1987). 130. G. Simon and A. R. Busnell, "Mechanical and Structural Characterization of the Nicalon Silicon Carbide Fibre," J. Mater. Sci. 19, 3649-57 (1984). 131. G. Simon and A. R. Busnell, "The Creep of Silicon Carbide Fibers," J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 2, 80-82 (1983). 132. G. Simon and A. R. Busnell, "Creep Behavior and Structural Characterization at High Temperatures of Nicalon Sic Fibers,'.' J. Mater. Sci. 19, 3658-70 (1984). 133. L. C. Sawyer et al., "Thermal. Stability Characterization of Sic Fibers: 11, Fractography and Structure," Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 8(7-8), 914-30 (1986). 134. T. J. Clark et al., "Thermal Degradation of Nicalon Sic Fibers," Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 6(7-8), 576-88 (1985). 135. Y. Sasaki et al., "Raman Study of Sic Fibres Made from Polycarbosilane," J. Mater. Sci. 22, 442-8 (1987). 136. Z. Li and R. C. Bradt, "Thermal Expansion of the Hexagonal (6H) Polytype of Silicon Carbide," J. Am. Ceram. SOC. 69(12), 863-66 (1986). 137. J. A. Coppola and R. C. Brandt, "Measurement of Fracture Surface Energy of Sic," J. Am. Ceram. SOC. 55(9), 455-60 (1972). 138. T. D. Gulden, "Mechanical Properties of Polycrystalline R-SiC," J. Am. Ceram. SOC. 52(11), 585-90 (1969). 139. R. J . Price, "Structure and Properties of Pyrolytic Silicon Carbide," Ceram. Bull. 48(9), 859-62 (1969).
191 140. D. P. Stinton and W. J. Lackey, "Effect of Deposition Conditions on the Properties of Pyrolytic Sic Coatings for WTGR Fuel Particles," e. Ceram. SOC. Bull. 57(6), 568-73 (1978). 141. P. W. Beaumont and J. C. Aleszka, "Cracking and Toughening of Concrete and Polymer-Concrete Dispersed with Short Steel Wires," J. Mater. Sci. 13, 1749-60 (1973). 142. Y. W. Mai, "Strength and Fracture Properties of Asbestos- Cement Mortar Composites," J . Hater. Sei. 14, 2091-102 (1979). 143. I?. S. Mangat and K. Gurusamy, "Flexural Strength of Steel Reinforced Cement Composites," J . Mater. Sci. 22, 3103-10 (1987). 144. D. P. Birnie 111, "A Model far Silicon Self-Diffusion in Silicon Carbide: Anti-Site. BeEect Motion," J . Am. Ceram. SOC. 63(2), C33-35 (1986). llc5. G. Brebec et al. , "Diffusi.on of Silicon in Amorphous Silica," Acta Metall. 28, 327-33 (1980). 146. Iy. H. Hon, R. F. Davis, and D. E. Newbury, "Self-Diffusion of 30Si in Polycrystalline B-Sic," J . ~Yater. Sci. 15, 2073-80 (1980). 147. M. H. Hon and R. F. Davis, "SelE-Diffusion of in Polycrystalline &-Sic,'I .J. Mater. Sci. 14, 2411-21. (1979). 148. Y. A. Vodakov et al., "Diffusion of Boron arid Aluminum in n-Sic," Sov. Phys.-Solid State 8(4), 1040-1 (1966). 149. D. M. Brown and P. R. Kennicot, "Glass Source Diffusion in Si and Si02," J. Electrochem. SOC. 118(2), 293-300 (1971). 150. E, A. Bender et a l., "Electron Microscopy of Ceramic Fiber- Ceramic Matrix Composites - - Comparison with Processing and Behavior," Cerain. Eng. Sci. Prczc. 5(7-8), 513-29 (1984). 151. R. F. Cooper and K. Chyung, "Structure and Chemistry of Fibre- Xatrix Interfaces in Silicon Crabide Fibre-Reinforced Glass-Ceramic Composites: An Electron Microscopy Study," J . Mater. Sci. 22, 31rt8-60 (1987). 152. W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bowen, arid D. R. Ulman, Introduction to Ceramics, John Wiley and Sons, Pnc., New York, 1960. 153. W. C. LaCourse, "The Strength of Glass," pp. 451-512 in Introduction to Glass Science, edited by 1.- D. Pyle, H. J. Stevens, arid W. C. LaCourse, Plenum Press, New York, 1972. 154. J. Bowling and G. W. Groves, "The Propagation of Cracks in Composites Consisting of Ductile Wires Ln a Brittle Matrix," J . Mater-. Sei. 14, 443-9 (1979).
Page 3:
ORNL/TM-11039 Metals and Ceramics D
Page 6 and 7:
Page 9.3 Composite Fabrication . .
Page 9:
LIST OF TABLES Table Page 5,l. Prop
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Figure 8.3. 9.1.. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.
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Figure 10.18. 10.19. 10.20. 10. 21.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes t
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CWCTERIZATION AND CONTROL OF THE FI
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1. INTRODUCTION During the last sev
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The development of low-density, hig
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3. FABRICATION TECHNIQUES 3.1 Intro
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11 isostatic pressing (HIP), can be
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13 utilizing the comparatively low-
Page 34 and 35:
16 ORN L- DWG 85- 4 i 4 18RS HEAT1
Page 37 and 38:
5. COMPOSITE DESIGN 5.1 Introductio
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21 5,2 Mechanical Considerations Th
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23 GRNL-DWG 88-74 26 Figure 5.1. Th
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25 Equation (6) shows that the stre
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27 of reinforcement. There are two
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29 in strength. Conversely, the fib
Page 49 and 50:
-I_- Table 5.2. Thermally induced a
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33 1.2 ID 0.8 ;.r 1 e fi v 0.6 a4 Q
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35 will affect the interface and, t
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38 fiber-matrix bonding; thus, a fu
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40 In the analysis of the mechanica
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42 1.2 I .o .6 - E f aa '3 0.6 cn 3
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44 will result in the matrix being
Page 64 and 65:
I I MATRIX MATRIX Figure 7.1. Schem
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48 F = 2a2H, where H is the hardnes
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50 OWL-PHOTO 6866-86 i d c I 20pm F
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52 where Af is the surface area of
Page 72 and 73:
54 Figure 7.4. Tensile and shear st
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56 I I I / -c rc -c / . Om / / I /
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58 ORNL-OWG 87-i 8234 F Figure 7.7.
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coating and the distribution of she
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62 O m PHOTO 6676-87 i SIC FIBERS -
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the composite, therefore an interme
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methane as the reactant and is, thu
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9. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 9.1 Depo
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71 furnace. The furnace is, therefo
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73 further protection. A 6.5-cm-dia
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76 of the specimen slowly decreased
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78 The programmer is also equipped
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80 graphite holders through multipl
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82 temperature by simply switching
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84 ORNk DWG 87- 4494 3 METAL LOGR A
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86 9.5 Fracture Surface Analvsis Th
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88 treated and untreated halves wer
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90 9.8.2 Tensile testinq In an init
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92 ORNL-DUG 85-11767R.2 ? ! 2 f CEN
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94 fracture of individual Nicalon f
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96 Figure 10.1. SiC-infiltrated Nic
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99 compared with the dimensions acq
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101 Table 10.3. Strength and modulu
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100 ORNL- DWG 87-1 6292 R CVI-I73 7
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BULK FIBER SAMPLE NO. 173: FIBER SU
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107 similar samples show the film o
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Figure 10.7. SEM micrographs showin
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111 Table 10.4. Thermochemical eval
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100 ORNL-DUG 87-15969R CVI- 170 75
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115 Analysis conversion of of the m
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117 A 1 I S N 31 N I I'd I LN 3H 3
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119 n 0 W n 9 v P n w- n v
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121 s m f c I m z - Ir 2 a 0 9 In u
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Figure 10.14. SEM micrographs of in
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J ORNL-DWC 88-6289 z cF u) w I- z O
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127 300 I CVI-480 I I 1 0 R N L-DWG
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io0 I I I I CVI- 172 75 - - 0 z v -
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131 RAL 033021 RAL 033023 Figure 10
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133 include: the reaction of boron
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136 that BN coatings react with the
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75 7 ORNL-DWG 87-48234 50 - - c5 z
Page 158 and 159: 140 Table 10.9. Thermochemical eval
Page 160 and 161: OANL-bwo 88-9025 ORNL-DWG 66-9027 I
Page 162 and 163: 144 uncoated tows were 14 k 2 pm; t
Page 165 and 166: 11. DISCUSSION 11.1 Constituent Pro
Page 167 and 168: 149 The properties of CVD Sic have
Page 169 and 170: 151 11.2.1 Matrix cracking In the N
Page 171 and 172: 153 OWL-DWG 88-10677 CVI- (78 22 I
Page 173 and 174: 155 Table 11.3. Property comparison
Page 175 and 176: 157 a f ““f f- L c I Figure 11.
Page 177 and 178: 159
Page 179 and 180: 161 The equations demonstrate that
Page 181 and 182: 163 calculations of the matrix depo
Page 183 and 184: 165 In four of the samples, the fib
Page 185 and 186: 167 Table 11.4. Properties of glass
Page 187 and 188: 169 rare-earth magnets and coils to
Page 189 and 190: 171 stress fields along the fiber i
Page 191 and 192: 173 11.3.2 Tensile testinp, The use
Page 193 and 194: 17 5 contraction have been ignored,
Page 195: 177 the system, and when the result
Page 198 and 199: 180 reduces fiber strength. The str
Page 200 and 201: 182 15. R. A. J. Sambell, D. H. Bow
Page 202 and 203: 184 41. A. J. Caputo et al., "Fiber
Page 204 and 205: 186 71, N. F. DOW, Study of Stresse
Page 206 and 207: 188 98. M. H. Rawlins et al., "Inte
Page 210 and 211: 192 155. M. F. Doerner and W, D. Ni
Page 213 and 214: APPENDIX A. AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROS
Page 215: APPENDIX B DETAILS OF THE FIBER-SHE
Page 218 and 219: 200 Those for the fiber (primed) ar
Page 220 and 221: 202 89-92. 93. 94. 95" 96. 97. 98-9
Page 222 and 223: 204 130-133. E. I. DUPONT DE NEMOUR
Page 224 and 225: 206 173. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENC
Page 226 and 227: 208 203 - 204. 20s. 206 - 207. 208.
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