Characterization and control of the fiber-matrix interface in ceramic ...

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF TABLES .......................... vii
LISTOFFIGURES. .........................
ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................... XV
ABSTRACT .............................
1. INTRODUCTION .........................
2. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CERAMIC COMPOSITES . . . . . . . . .
3. FABRICATION TECHNIQUES ....................
3.1 Introduction .......................
3.2 Hot Pressing .......................
3.3 Sintering ........................
3.4 Unconventional Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
3
5
9
9
10
11
11
3.5 Chemical Vapor Infiltration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4. FORCED-FLOW THERMAL-GRADIENT CHEMICAL-VAPOR INFILTRATION . . . 15
5. COMPOSITE DESIGN ....................... 19
5.1 Introduction .......................
19
5.2 Mechanical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.3 Thermomechanieal Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.4 Thermochemical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6. FIBER-MATRIX INTERFACES ....................
37
6.1 Introduction .......................
37
6.2 Role of the Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FIBER-MATRIX INTERFACE . . . . . . . . 45
7.1 Quantitative Analysis of Forces at the Interface . . . . . 45
7.1.1 Indentation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7.1.2 Tensile Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
61
61
8. CONTROLLING THE INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.1 Introduction/Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2 Intermediate Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES . ...................
9.1 Deposition System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.2 Instrumentation .....................
65
69
69
73
iii