Characterization and control of the fiber-matrix interface in ceramic ...

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186 71, N. F. DOW, Study of Stresses Near a Discontinuity in a Filament-Reinforced Composite Metal, Report No. R63SD61, Missiles and Space Division, General Electric Company, August 1963. 72. L. DiLandro and M. Pegoraro, "Carbon Fibre-Thermoplastic Matrix Adhesion," J. Mater. Sci. 22, 1980-86 (1987). 73. G. A. Cooper and A. Kelly, "Tensile Properties of Fibre- Reinforced Metals: Fracture Mechanics," J. Mech. Phys. Solids 15, 279-97 (1967). 74. A. Kelly and W. R. Tyson, "Tensile Properties of Fibre- Reinforced Metals: Copper/Tungsten and Copper/Molybdenum," J. Mech. Phys. Solids 13, 329-50 (1965). 75. G. A. Cooper and A. Kelly, "Role of the Interface in the Fracture of Fiber-Composite Materials," pp. 90-106 in Interfaces in Composites, ASTM STP 452, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1969. 76. A. Kelly, 'Interface Effects and the Work of Fracture of a Fibrous Composite," Proc. R. Soc. London A 319, 95-116 (1970). 77. V. R. Riley and J. L. Reddaway, "Tensile Strength and Failure Mechanics of Fibre Composites," J . Mater. Sci. 3, 41-46 (1968). 78. B. Budiansky, J. W. Hutchinson, and A. G. Evans, '!Matrix Fracture in Fiber-Reinforced Ceramics," J. Me&. Phys. Solids 34(2), 167-89 (1986). 79. L. B. Greszczuk, "Theoretical Studies of the Mechanics of the Fiber-Matrix Interface in Composites," pp, 42-58 in Interfaces in Composites, ASTM STP 452, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1969. 80. D. C. Phillips and A. S . Tetelman, "The Fracture Toughness of Fibre Composites," Composites 3(5), 219-25 (1972). 81. J. Aveston and A, Kelly, "Theory of Multiple Fracture of Fibrous Composites," J. Mater. Sci. 8, 352-62 (1973). 82. J. Aveston, G . A. Cooper, and A. Kelly, "Single Multiple Fracture: The Properties of Fiber Composites," pp. 15-26 in National Physics Lab Conference Proceedings, November 1971. 83. C. Atkinson et al-. , "The Rod Pull-Out Problem, Theory and Experiment," J. Meeh. Phys. Solids 30(3), 97-120 (1982). 84. L. T. Drzal et al., "Interfacial Shear Strength and Failure Mechanisms in Graphite Fiber Composites," pp. 1-5 (Sect. 20-C) in Proceedings of the 35th Annual Technical Conference, Reinforced Plastics/Composite Institute, The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., 1980.
187 85. J. F. Mandell, K. C. C. Hong, and D. H. Grande, "Interfacial Shear Strength and Sliding Resistance in Metal and Glass-Ceramic Matrix Composites," Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 8(7-8), 937-40 (1987). 86. J. F. Mandell et al., "Modified Microdebonding Test for Direct In Situ Fiber/Matrix Bond Strength Determination in Fiber Composites," pp. 87-108 in Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Seventh Conference), ASTM STP 893, edited by J. M. Whitney, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1986. 87. D. B. Marshall, "Strength and Interfacial Properties of Ceramic Composites," Mater. Res. SOC. Symp. Proc. 78 (1987). 88. D. B. Marshall, "An Indentation Method for Measuring Matrix-Fiber Frictional Stresses in Ceramic Components," J. Am. Ceram. SOC. 67(12), C259-60 (1984). 89. L. J. Ebert and J. D. Gadd, It A Mathematical Model for Mechanical Behavior of Interfaces in Composite Materials," pp. 89-112 in Fiber Composite Materials, Chapter 5, American Society of Metals Seminar October 1964. 90. A. Kelly and C. Zweben, "Poisson Contraction in Aligned Fibre Composites Showing Pull-Out," J. Mater. Sci. 11, 582-87 (1976). 91. A. Takaku and R. C. G. Arridge, "The Effect of Interfacial Radial and Shear Stress on Fiber Pull-out in Composite Materials," J. Phys. D. 6, 2038-47 (1973). 92. R. S . Williams and K. L. Reifsnider, "Strain Energy Release Rate Method for Predicting Failure Modes in Composite Materials," pp. 248-75 in Fracture Mechanics, Proceedings of the Eleventh National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics: Part I, ASTM, Blacksburg, Va., June 1978. 93. S. Ochiai and Y. Munakami, ''The Strengthening Effect of Brittle Zones on Ductile-Fiber Composi.tes," Met. Sci. 10(11), 401-08 (1977). 94. S. Ochiai and K. Osamura, "A Computer Simulation of Strength of Metal Matrix Composites with a Reaction Layer at the Interface," Met. Trans. 18A, 673-79 (April 1987). 95. S. Ochiai and K. Osamura, "A Study of Multiple Fracture Phenomenon of a Coating Film on a Metal Fiber by Means of a Computer Simulation," J. Mater. Sci. 21, 2735-43 (1986). 96. S. Ochiai and Y. Murakami, 'sTensile Strength of Composites with Brittle Reaction Zones at Interfaces," J. Mater. Sci. 14, 831-40 (1979). 97. S. Ochiai and K. Osamura, "Stress Distribution in a Segmented Film on Metal Fiber Under Tensile Loading," J , Mater. Sci. 21, 2744-52 (1986)
Page 3:
ORNL/TM-11039 Metals and Ceramics D
Page 6 and 7:
Page 9.3 Composite Fabrication . .
Page 9:
LIST OF TABLES Table Page 5,l. Prop
Page 12 and 13:
Figure 8.3. 9.1.. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.
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Figure 10.18. 10.19. 10.20. 10. 21.
Page 17 and 18:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes t
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CWCTERIZATION AND CONTROL OF THE FI
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1. INTRODUCTION During the last sev
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The development of low-density, hig
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3. FABRICATION TECHNIQUES 3.1 Intro
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11 isostatic pressing (HIP), can be
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13 utilizing the comparatively low-
Page 34 and 35:
16 ORN L- DWG 85- 4 i 4 18RS HEAT1
Page 37 and 38:
5. COMPOSITE DESIGN 5.1 Introductio
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21 5,2 Mechanical Considerations Th
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23 GRNL-DWG 88-74 26 Figure 5.1. Th
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25 Equation (6) shows that the stre
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27 of reinforcement. There are two
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29 in strength. Conversely, the fib
Page 49 and 50:
-I_- Table 5.2. Thermally induced a
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33 1.2 ID 0.8 ;.r 1 e fi v 0.6 a4 Q
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35 will affect the interface and, t
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38 fiber-matrix bonding; thus, a fu
Page 58 and 59:
40 In the analysis of the mechanica
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42 1.2 I .o .6 - E f aa '3 0.6 cn 3
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44 will result in the matrix being
Page 64 and 65:
I I MATRIX MATRIX Figure 7.1. Schem
Page 66 and 67:
48 F = 2a2H, where H is the hardnes
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50 OWL-PHOTO 6866-86 i d c I 20pm F
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52 where Af is the surface area of
Page 72 and 73:
54 Figure 7.4. Tensile and shear st
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56 I I I / -c rc -c / . Om / / I /
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58 ORNL-OWG 87-i 8234 F Figure 7.7.
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coating and the distribution of she
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62 O m PHOTO 6676-87 i SIC FIBERS -
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the composite, therefore an interme
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methane as the reactant and is, thu
Page 87 and 88:
9. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 9.1 Depo
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71 furnace. The furnace is, therefo
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73 further protection. A 6.5-cm-dia
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76 of the specimen slowly decreased
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78 The programmer is also equipped
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80 graphite holders through multipl
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82 temperature by simply switching
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84 ORNk DWG 87- 4494 3 METAL LOGR A
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86 9.5 Fracture Surface Analvsis Th
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88 treated and untreated halves wer
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90 9.8.2 Tensile testinq In an init
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92 ORNL-DUG 85-11767R.2 ? ! 2 f CEN
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94 fracture of individual Nicalon f
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96 Figure 10.1. SiC-infiltrated Nic
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99 compared with the dimensions acq
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101 Table 10.3. Strength and modulu
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100 ORNL- DWG 87-1 6292 R CVI-I73 7
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BULK FIBER SAMPLE NO. 173: FIBER SU
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107 similar samples show the film o
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Figure 10.7. SEM micrographs showin
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111 Table 10.4. Thermochemical eval
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100 ORNL-DUG 87-15969R CVI- 170 75
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115 Analysis conversion of of the m
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117 A 1 I S N 31 N I I'd I LN 3H 3
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119 n 0 W n 9 v P n w- n v
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121 s m f c I m z - Ir 2 a 0 9 In u
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Figure 10.14. SEM micrographs of in
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J ORNL-DWC 88-6289 z cF u) w I- z O
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127 300 I CVI-480 I I 1 0 R N L-DWG
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io0 I I I I CVI- 172 75 - - 0 z v -
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131 RAL 033021 RAL 033023 Figure 10
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133 include: the reaction of boron
Page 154 and 155: 136 that BN coatings react with the
Page 156 and 157: 75 7 ORNL-DWG 87-48234 50 - - c5 z
Page 158 and 159: 140 Table 10.9. Thermochemical eval
Page 160 and 161: OANL-bwo 88-9025 ORNL-DWG 66-9027 I
Page 162 and 163: 144 uncoated tows were 14 k 2 pm; t
Page 165 and 166: 11. DISCUSSION 11.1 Constituent Pro
Page 167 and 168: 149 The properties of CVD Sic have
Page 169 and 170: 151 11.2.1 Matrix cracking In the N
Page 171 and 172: 153 OWL-DWG 88-10677 CVI- (78 22 I
Page 173 and 174: 155 Table 11.3. Property comparison
Page 175 and 176: 157 a f ““f f- L c I Figure 11.
Page 177 and 178: 159
Page 179 and 180: 161 The equations demonstrate that
Page 181 and 182: 163 calculations of the matrix depo
Page 183 and 184: 165 In four of the samples, the fib
Page 185 and 186: 167 Table 11.4. Properties of glass
Page 187 and 188: 169 rare-earth magnets and coils to
Page 189 and 190: 171 stress fields along the fiber i
Page 191 and 192: 173 11.3.2 Tensile testinp, The use
Page 193 and 194: 17 5 contraction have been ignored,
Page 195: 177 the system, and when the result
Page 198 and 199: 180 reduces fiber strength. The str
Page 200 and 201: 182 15. R. A. J. Sambell, D. H. Bow
Page 202 and 203: 184 41. A. J. Caputo et al., "Fiber
Page 206 and 207: 188 98. M. H. Rawlins et al., "Inte
Page 208 and 209: 190 125. R. Warren and C-H. Anderss
Page 210 and 211: 192 155. M. F. Doerner and W, D. Ni
Page 213 and 214: APPENDIX A. AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROS
Page 215: APPENDIX B DETAILS OF THE FIBER-SHE
Page 218 and 219: 200 Those for the fiber (primed) ar
Page 220 and 221: 202 89-92. 93. 94. 95" 96. 97. 98-9
Page 222 and 223: 204 130-133. E. I. DUPONT DE NEMOUR
Page 224 and 225: 206 173. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENC
Page 226 and 227: 208 203 - 204. 20s. 206 - 207. 208.
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